I Love woman president and his family

 I Love woman president and his family
(This year, China and Sri Lanka, the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations, but also in Sri Lanka Friendship Year. Recently, the Sri Lankan President's visit to China, I was fortunate to attend a party, saw a lot of friends that year , feeling great. I and my deceased wife Chen Mi is the new China by the first set foot on Sri Lanka (Ceylon) land of the diplomatic staff. At this moment, filled with emotion, especially the commemorate the article pasted)
a phone that I sleep at night
April 1996, I and my friends with some foreign ambassadors, with the local leadership of Huangshan are sister cities and expand to carry out the possibility of trade, and enjoy the early spring where the attractive scenery, when suddenly the phone receiving the relevant Ministry of Foreign Affairs, informed me that, Sri Lanka (1972 formerly known as Canada proposed that during his state visit to China in the hope to have the opportunity to see me, now scheduled for noon on the 22nd, I'll be back to Beijing.
this time is the 20th night, I had to pack up ready to go back the next day. advance leave my beloved home town of Huangshan, is really a pity; but it can have a special experience to see my personal feelings of friendship and president of the country, there was a great joy and honor.
Twenty-two years, and how she can still remember my very ordinary diplomat?!
a phone call, causing me a lot of memories and feelings. I have always been a very easy person to fall asleep, almost to a stiff neck. But that night I sleep at night. I can not help but think of my first marriage with his wife near the scene of the first to Daxi Lan; remember woman president's father, Solomon. Bandaranaike is how to go down; think of her mother Bandara Mrs. Bandaranaike decided how politics out of the kitchen; think of Premier Zhou Enlai and the Soong Ching Ling friendship with her parents; think of my tooth to be welcomed in Ceylon moving scene; think about the CHEN Yi Mi intimate relationship with her mother and the subsequent tragic death of the sad situation in Sri Lanka ......< br> the scenes, bit by bit, are embodied in the Andean countries and the deep friendship between the two leaders, but also reflect our personal couples with the Coomera Tonga Love President and family.
beginning
immersed in fellowship Chen and I have gay marriage by Mi Soon, he was transferred to build the embassy's work in Ceylon . May 1957, we, as the first batch of diplomats, along with China's first ambassador Zhang Canming in Ceylon, via Hong Kong by virgin.
really charming scenery of Ceylon, but the people of Ceylon, to show us the historic friendship between the two flower of flowers even more excited us so that we forget the long journey of nearly nine days to bring the fatigue.
from the port to our temporary resident, continue to see our thumbs to the people of Ceylon, with a very simple plain language, he kept cheering: , but also thumbs echoed: After five or six years as prime minister began to adjust foreign policy changed the political and the socialist countries unfriendly attitude of suspicion. A 九五 七年 January 31 to February 5, week should be Prime Minister and Vice President Long His invitation to visit Ceylon. Feb. 5 issued a joint statement the two prime ministers stressed: the two countries will respect and promote the implementation of the Bandung Conference of States on the principles of coexistence and cooperation; against hostile military blocs, support disarmament; strengthening Asian and African national unity; against imperialism and colonialism of aggression and expansion; advocated mutual understanding through international disputes should be resolved and peace negotiations; support for Egypt and the West according to their own people in the region will determine their own destiny, against the power politics continuity and power to fill the vacuum. visit, February 7 between the two countries officially established diplomatic relations in the tin. Since then, relations between the two countries began a new chapter.
During the visit, the deepest impression on the masses, and later for the elephants of the Premier Zhou Qing Zhu Xilan the ninth anniversary of independence of his speech at the General Assembly, all of a sudden it began to rain. for friendly care, the staff immediately to Prime Minister Zhou umbrella propped up, but Premier Zhou declined, saying Tens of thousands of people listening to him, the case of heavy rain and leave almost no use of umbrellas, he could not bear exclusive special treatment. Seeing this, the presence of Ceylon leaders and the masses of the venue are also umbrella umbrella close up , emotions running high now, many people cheered: > to break the blockade and embargo of the United States, decided with rice and rubber in China signed a barter agreement, greatly easing the country's urgent needs. China also offers preferential prices in a timely manner to the Ceylon rice they need. shows insight. .
above two true story of friendship is like two flowers in full bloom in the fifties the Cold War and regional hot wars intertwined and imperialism, colonialism and national independence movements flourished in the period, today, people still remember and unforgettable. It is open undefeated, and always inspire friendship and mutual assistance between the two peoples, brotherhood of man. It is this two flowers open, we set foot on land Ceylon, immersed in the fellowship, a lot of things to do it is relatively smooth. Our exceptional ambassador submitted his credentials in advance of our Guanzhi and shelter was quickly resolved. with our children after the birth of a hospital in the capital are also popular and take care, doctors and nurses have taken the initiative to fight call to the embassy to congratulate that Ceylon has been added to a > History of the irony and tragedy
September 1959, China's Wuhan Acrobatic Troupe's first visit to Ceylon, as the liaison and translator, accompanied. acrobatic skills of the performing arts, especially the bit actor summer chrysanthemums spent performing calisthenics island sensation, attracting millions of viewers every game overcrowded. Ceylon major newspapers competing for follow-up reports and comments. Ceylon, though not the people mad, but like has been drunk a day, the ranks of the total line to buy tickets is a long, steady stream.
is this very fun and grams of the Prime Minister by a monk shot, his body a few bombs, critical condition, the hospital is trying to rescue.
Bandaranaike was a devout Buddhist, whenever monk, he was always more than ninety degrees to the line pilgrimage or bow down to ritual ceremony to show respect. This day, when he carried the body line when the worship ceremony, is to worship the great monk in yellow robe robe from within close range shot to his chest, batter, pour immediately Bandaranaike In a pool of blood. He died in hospital after an emergency, Bandaranaike passed away the next day. He never imagined, even a true believer of Buddha is the Buddha's when the latter choose to worship, this is really an irony of history and tragedy.
In fact, the incident was not from accidental. It is obviously a political background, was premeditated.
Bandaranaike was born in the door Noble, Oxford University law school graduate, was the Law Society of Inner Temple, London, Senior Solicitor, had been a minister of the British colonial government. he had during the study in the UK, began to show patriotism and enthusiasm. According to legend, he said the anti- the determination of colonialism, had publicly burned his wearing a suit, to wear national costumes. He became prime minister after a change in the past pro-British government policy, foreign pursue peace and neutrality, against colonialism, foreign policy and safeguard national independence and sovereignty, and the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union. nationalized domestic policy to foreign rubber plantations and tea plantations were nationalized, removal of the British military base in Ceylon. British and pro-British forces saw him as a may be bought and dry out the unspeakable shameful acts. Bandaranaike was assassinated in this context is the tragedy occurred.
I was one of the embassy staff, mainly engaged in research work and saw few opportunities Bandaranaike, but the nature of the work took me from the start with his patriotic leaders of the Ceylon ideas and activities together. He was stabbed to death long ago, I Garden had the privilege of the Prime Minister (TEMPLE TREE) to see him again. when President Tito's visit, Bandaranaike held a grand reception for him. I, as Ambassador Zhang translation, for the first time to attend such an occasion, quite a little excitement . But I was even more fascinating is that Premier Zhou's new friends - Bandaranaike himself. He was a thin, short, bright and piercing eyes, the language concise, and crisp; agile, decisive, and people are very amiable. He Ambassador Zhang was the same conversation with Premier Zhou stressed that the friendship and his admiration of the new China, said that he was invited to visit Tito, Ceylon must follow the path of nonalignment, approval and peaceful coexistence. did not think this was the my first and last time I saw this great patriot Ceylon. did not expect, and later his wife and daughter have made a prime minister and president, I share many of his family members to build a more closely linked. relations between the two countries to develop faster and better.
Bandaranaike order to express our deep condolences to the victims, acrobatics all the stops, the Embassy's National Day reception was canceled. Bandaranaike buried That day, our Embassy can not help but shed many comrades are also tears of sympathy.
class lady out of the kitchen, took a great man in politics
fell down, another strong woman also stood up.
West Mawo. Bandaranaike (we affectionately refer to her house as a , wide range of requirements in the country and support the people, resolutely decided out of the kitchen politics. May 1960 as President of the Liberal Party, the party in the election victory in July, she immediately became prime minister until 1965. A ninety-six five to seven years, she served as Leader of the Opposition 0. 1970 she again became prime minister until 1977.
during the administration of his wife inherited her husband Chi classes, but eclectic. in the internal affairs diplomacy and relations with China have greatly step forward.
internally, she actively developing the national economy, the implementation of radical democratic reform of the British planters and the British and U.S. oil companies belonging to them. At the same time, carry out food production campaign towards national food self-sufficiency. To this end, she land reform, the implementation of land ceiling, his hand over the first three thousand acres of land.
outside, she firmly believes in the non-aligned policy, imperialism and colonialism, has participated in five the Non-Aligned Summit, with Tito, Nasser and other leaders to establish a very close relationship, on the Non-Aligned Movement played an active role. She specifically criticized the United States, asked the U.S. to stop the aggression against Vietnam, against the United States Diego Extension Garcia military base, refused to privately told people that the Soviet Union not to come fishing, but to during the administration of relations with China have made considerable development. She has visited China three times. Premier Zhou Enlai and Marshal Chen Yi, as well as vice chairman of Song Qingling, 1964 also visited Ceylon. Course a lot of respect and admiration for his wife Premier Zhou. She repeatedly praised China for economic aid and trade in Ceylon's care. Bandaranaike reconstruction of buildings in China are particularly grateful, calling it . example of cooperation, the example of inter-State relations. CHEN Yi Mi Soong Ching Ling's life and as secretary and interpreter to access Ceylon. she personally experienced the friendly exchanges between their leaders, and numerous contacts classmate wife. She told me in private, class wife, a terrific woman, Humphreys Ceylon called said, see if see Buddha's tooth, a life-long pleasure. Ceylon is a Buddhist majority country, the majority of Buddhists appreciate a collection of China visited the tooth. taking into account the wishes and classes of the strong request of the Government Mrs. Zhou approval of the Prime Minister personally escorted tour to Ceylon tooth for viewing. It was in June 1961, Kerry was wrong to hi Rao as head of the nursing Zhao Shi, deputy head of the delegation of special plane to fly to Ceylon tooth. < br> tooth the day of arrival, Ceylon National holiday, all Cabinet members led by Mrs. classes, as well as the Governor - the Queen's representative to the airport ahead of a long waiting, the airport and outside, in endless streams, almost packed. along with my wife Zhang Ambassador and embassy staff are waiting for the VIP room, accompanied by.
time, Ceylon Air Force is ready, the plane carrying a tooth into the airspace of Ceylon, six aircraft flew Ying guard immediately. headway ran the aircraft after landing, the door opened, and I serve deputy head of the retaining tooth step by step down the ramp, set foot on the red carpet. At this point only heard roaring salute. I counted twenty-first ring really is. Then, classes, and the Governor and his wife all Cabinet members, armed person in charge of putting an immediate five-worship, along with hundreds of thousands of people also worship. dmz airport, a solemn silence, and then rejoicing: I ancestral tooth! Ceylon - China!
this courtesy is heads of any one country can not be completely obtained, is a real super-heads courtesy. tooth arrives, hit the island of Ceylon, as the holidays in general. there are three million people have had the honor of this holy pilgrimage. I learn a little bit because the local language, also followed this busy period, the class saw his wife and their family members and other leaders of the Ceylon Buddhist piety, see Ceylon Buddhist people believe in fanaticism, are the religious great charm, and religious freedom is required. people have the right to non-believers, can not support and does not encourage religion, can be atheist, just as we couple the same, but people need to respect religion, respect others religious. This is what we two feelings at the time of young diplomats.
two time has changed its name to Sri Lanka soon) embassy. I was a research director, she was responsible for office protocol, instruments and advanced translation work, also responsible for dealing with military aid Affairs, Sri Lanka, the military nicknamed her the couple this time the embassy has been independently. we act in harmony together made many friends, particularly members of the family class lady, as her brother, PS LVL Watts, her personal secretary, Sunil daughter Stella, her son, members of Congress A Lula, and her daughter Chandrika Miss (now the President of the Coomera Tonga).
Ms Chandrika when a start is already a mature young woman, just returned from studying in France home, speak very fluent in French and English in government work in agricultural development. I was working part-time study by French and Sri Lanka is studying the social and agricultural issues, a common language with her more, as if hit it off quickly became a and hospitality, and I talk about national issues, On the International Situation. I soon found her knowledgeable, talented, very sensitive to political issues, look at the issue sharp, honest, frank. one day at a dinner party, She just sat on my left. she suddenly asked me: good question? the same. We do not know if any problems are, we will go to your uncle and sister, and sometimes you may find other relevant officials on that point. She is very smart, a little to pass, knowing grins. < br> To tell the truth, I am with her too may be aware of the issues and trends, timely and accurate analysis of the embassy and handling problem situations, and promote friendly relations between the two countries, played a very good role. Yugoslavia, a diplomat who asked me: you go to learn French is not a Dion is not the meaning of the wine? is including acupuncture, heart and neurological three experts on the medical team to Sri Lanka for her treatment. CHEN Yi Mi as a female diplomat, English and better, work more convenient, when it acts as a liaison and translator. As CHEN Yi Mi responsible for classes to take care of his wife well, and soon became Mrs. Class , sometimes can not help but reveal to her family and work troubles and the government intends to, and even ask card can enter at any time.
my wife this same class between mother and daughter Lady the foundation of friendly relations between the two countries, a small side of the deep. The appearance of the side, need to have good opportunities, but also requires careful nurturing, and enthusiastic pursuit of individual diplomats.
; caused controversy
Sri Lanka is a pearl of the Indian Ocean, known as the The Government declared a state of emergency. In this sea of Sri Lanka Friendship Chinese diplomats, are generally inadequate mental preparation.
a work that morning, Sri Lanka's Foreign Ministry has formally notified the embassies, and made a few passes to the embassy. we had from the class Mrs. Suni Tel daughter to get some information, and thus the incident itself has some mental preparation. the whole museum in a strong under the leadership of Ambassador Ma Zaiqing, orderly and without panic to meet this unexpected events. But the problem is still there: two messengers of martial law in Sri Lanka before that on the plane, is expected to arrive that afternoon in Colombo. should be how to deal with?
horse Ambassador Embassy leadership to convene a meeting soon to decide now Sri Lanka diplomatic note Department, requiring him to ensure the safety of my messenger, and reassignment of full-time chauffeur, Ambassador Ma, considering I know English, but also say a local language, in addition to many friends at the airport, the airport decided to pick up my messenger. ambassador personally find talk to me, explain to me the seriousness of the problem and potential danger, to be sure at this crucial moment I messenger and file to ensure the absolute safety, if necessary, favorable and unfavorable conditions, and do a careful pre-travel preparation.
old driver Ambassador rich social experience of summer, it had been a soldier, experienced and prudent, failing to panic. This is my task as a positive factor. < br> Then, I called a newspaper reporter stationed in the airport. The journalist had close contacts with me, friendly to China. I'm at the airport immigration and customs have many friends who were introduced by him and know. He told me said, the airport and near many of the armed forces has increased, but so far they have not taken over or say in the airport business. It makes me added confidence to complete the task.
not sure the best and most disturbing is that I do not know how along the way . Sri Lankan army never fought. According to some friends told us that morning, the army is more anxious than people, just a little panic. It is said that two diplomats of other countries in the performance of official duties, in order to hear the soldiers to stop when They immediately reached for the pocket passes. soldiers mistakenly thought they were a gun, immediately been punctured several holes. Under the circumstances have been learned, and I carefully studied the summer with the old drivers, Zhuomo Zhao may encounter various situations and response options.
us to the airport an hour ahead of schedule, with the airport that journalists with the world famous drink tea in Sri Lanka, met immigration and customs duty friends, I am going to explain the task of messenger.
plane touched down soon. when the number of passengers has been informed about the situation, which generally seemed nervous, my messenger is relatively calm. Airport check more strictly than usual, and some simply rummaging through. We are as usual exemption Messenger priority clearance.
passed the first hurdle. We find a little relief, but no not be taken lightly, and immediately return to the Embassy by car. road half a kilometer, however, when suddenly an army of heavily armed soldiers jump from the road on both sides of the car in front of us, we immediately stop the forced the same time, they quickly dispersed, surrounded us on all sides. suddenly, twelve machine guns aimed at our population, the atmosphere was very tense. the first time I encountered such a danger, but are also a little scared. We are unarmed ah! Later want them to do so might be that their own very nervous and timid, not dare to casually shot.
this time, a staff sergeant went to front of the car asked us Duan Zhaoqiang are doing, we get off to be examined.
old driver of summer already locked the door, then pour over the body to help me open the windows a fraction, so you can hear each other talk to each other, but each other's hands can not come into his. I learned the lessons of the two diplomats met, the first examination Does he look passes, and then slowly reached into his pocket out by Chuang Feng handed out to him.
saw pass each other about our diplomats insisted after inspection, temporarily deadlocked. Finally I explain who we are and show the Chinese Foreign diplomats card after the attitude of great changes, and immediately agreed to release. bilateral friendly farewell folded. By this time we sigh of relief.
wave just flat, following another . day later we learned that our one-ton cargo ship will be moored next morning Colombo port. a state of emergency and martial law declared in the host countries during the ship berthing port inconvenience and difficulties which are obvious, but security is also a major subject. For this reason, the embassy in time led the study. The next day, after breakfast, his wife, Ambassador Ma led several of our people, including diplomats, business office, with the best fruit in Sri Lanka, boarding . seize the time to rest, the telephone rang. a bigger problem then placed in front of us. China has always been a friendly Iraqi Trade Minister, Mrs. Bong ban ordered by the Prime Minister, calls for urgent meeting with Ambassador of Malaysia, and comes on to. Iraq's Ambassador to the horse, according to its government control of information, I shipped on board of weapons in Africa. Lankan government, What bolt from the blue, it is something must. no country in the knowledge and direction, we are deeply confused and embarrassed the Ambassador. but he, after all, experience, diligence and calm and dignified. He said that the Sri Lankan government's understanding difficult, but please give him some time in Iraq the first clarify the situation. the other party seems to have understood, said, understand the situation. this time is the evening at eight, and have heard sporadic gunfire was heard outside. the night on board, and to go through the port powerhouse, really dangerous. But things are imminent, how can I take into account the personal safety! be my requirements, the embassy opened the letter and asked me to carry a red passport, so street and parking requirements Juventa sound. the old summer slowly stop, a police officer and his men with rifles immediately rushed to our car and questioned why the delay before we stop. I learn from the experience of the day before the airport road, the first that I is Diplomats have urgent business to the port to go to, because drivers do not understand the local language, after listening to my translation of the brake, so the delay for a few seconds. the other side to see me is justified, not to quibble, but warned that this is your danger, this is an unusual time, if I shot and killed you how to do?! finished these words, he was immediately released.
few minutes later, I went to the the Port Authority to find a friend to help the Council I do boarding procedures. but he told me that I'm going to which the ship before leaving port twenty-five minutes bound for Africa, the.
I'm overjoyed, but I dare not clarify the situation immediately before Ambassador of the report, otherwise it will make a big mistake. So, I ask with the Naval Command, to inquire the whereabouts of the boat. naval officer on duty, confirmed that a ton Chinese freighter in half an hour before departure. I hereby Ambassador to the horse immediately made a report. Afterwards he relieved immediately to notify Iraq of a translation, I ship off Sri Lanka, he is helpless.
next day, the local newspaper distorted the facts of individual, hard to say there was a ship full of quietly to the Che Guevara of molecular weapons to Sri Lanka and the port in an attempt to sow discord between the two countries relations.
Embassy informed the case under domestic reasons, according to refute that, in order to help combat piracy and attacks Taiwan, Chiang, and I do have a small amount of cargo on self-defense weapons, in line with international practice, and in my boat moored port of Sri Lanka during the Sri Lankan authorities have made a report. As for the parking period, whether the storage of these very small amount of self-defense weapons, completely stopping the port from the custom authorities. Sri Lanka side out of our trust, were not sealed. ulterior motives of certain newspaper reports.
a false alarm so sudden, and accidental end.

phrase broken the first day of the Lost the occurrence of such unpleasant things, and friends on the embassy door'm also very small. the whole museum comrades felt nervous and confused. The next day, on suspicion of supporting a socialist country, Move. a lot of rumors circulating in society, some vilify China for department adopted a series of our embassy surveillance and inspection measures, all e-mail correspondence of the mission was opened, workers quarters and searched by the Xinhua News Agency resident, even my assistance Bandaranaike building construction materials also have been checked one by one. All Museum comrades and my staff of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka aid such acts are not understood, confused and angry, and even his wife to change the class policy of friendship to China. Some young translated the Indian Ocean tears, sighed heavily and said ;, said Mrs. classes Well, it is wise to check a few times and found that the Chinese side without any problems, do not put you right in the mouth sealed!?
news, the whole museum, such as drought every gay nectar, the mind immediately clear up, all admiration for Premier Zhou vision holds stunning diplomatic skills and the arts, with the unusual language and demeanor can not be solved by conventional understanding and solving problems. This also shows that Premier Zhou met several times since his wife the same class, more frequent contacts, understand very well, know her deep friendship to our country, not to harm relations between things.
Later, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed Ambassador Mazi Qing wife around them through classes (her brother) to her message is that China is currently probing the Jin, wise and resolute. face the facts, the face of such frank and forceful diplomacy, class lady can I say? can only admire. right of course, the mouth is sealed.
storm finally passed We also break through several difficult period. class wife of her leadership in strengthening the bilateral relations have improved again and developed.
unforgettable years, and the tragedy of life according to Mi Chen
I have the same work in Ceylon nearly a decade. The first time was from 1957 to 1961. when we are only twenty, and eighteen of the clerk (she was two levels higher than me), but the task is very arduous. she undertakes in the research room heavy work of translation and information. I could be a snake oil, in addition to research work, also acts as the translation of climbing Yao Chief Counsellor, responsible for press releases, help running errands. Work has a busy, but four years in office, we have been very happy life very full, and to learn Sinhala. sounds like a honeymoon in general. Our first two children were born in the embassy. As a result of need, we traveled almost the entire island of Ceylon. We in the Wild Animal Park seen near the beautiful female leopard, and the two elephants in the sunset at the lake, family gatherings, swimming and kissing scenes, we are husband and wife both ride elephants, walk in the wilderness. We went to a week Prime Minister and President Tito and other celebrities planted memorial trees   Asia's largest botanical garden. We have seen Buddhists around the world are very long for the tooth. We also follow the footsteps of Premier Zhou climbed the West Gloria Stone peak, overlooking the Ceylon

Planning to become one of the best methods and interpretation 40

 1, the blue bar just a rough picture frame
, and even borrowed the picture of the game prototype; or use paper, pens, playing cards and dice. Art means to strengthen, doubled to improve, but does not replace the games the lack of fun. If you can make at least the expression means something interesting, then have a better means of expression, it is more interesting.
2, implying
decide your game is ; on ;, is again the context of the same combination of a bunch of small game may help you a lot. The various systems will be too independent to make the content difficult to balance a game.
4, you should summarize
can from your game out of some of the key design concepts of verbs and sentences, in order to describe your idea. If you can not, you definitely wrong somewhere.
5, stylized
should be the theme of the best games, systems, and the perfect combination of expression. This will make your game more style. Do not underestimate the style of the production.
6, lengthy meetings in particular creativity useless
seminars, you want people all the time in the closing of smug, not exhausted and cynical. lengthy meeting will lead to collective considerations and too complicated. to maintain creativity and a brief discussion of the compact.
7, using the sketch of the < br> game design sketch is a very powerful tool. Sketchpad can pass through the screen, or so much information, in the early to draw down the player's gaming experience is and useful. painting a picture of the player will see and do on sketches of things and do mark an important note.
8, do not code / planning
paper on the bike plan, while riding down the street down; or in the bath; or in a separate canoe on. in any other place planning. not worry too much because they can not write it down and you lose what makes you excited to focus on those core essence. the environment changed stimulate creativity.
9, speaking and listening
fresh ideas collide with each other, even to old ideas will collide with each other in unpredictable ways, the resulting creation. you through the cheap, do not hide them.
10, each piece is different snow
if you assigned 12 people to create How these ideas, it does not matter.
11, the early consideration of asset issues
assets; doing a game or system on how much sound, photographs, and other calculations, often surprise you.
12 , steal and borrow
system is not sacrosanct. they are just tools to achieve the ultimate game. If a system is useful, took over with, even if you have seen in other games. but you did not you noticed Article sick of life.
13, early demo, demo
often the first system if you even come out before the game is very interesting, great; if not, beware. If the rule before determining arranged on the board on what is very interesting, cool; if not, beware.
14, different people play different
not been carried out with the same gang trial. disrupt them.
15, closed
see other people play the mouth when not speaking. just look, write down all their folly, because you are stupid enough, did not do the more obvious things to do.
16, you do not play
Customs people are talking about that game. but you should play about 10 minutes usually enough, but played better the first boss.
17, KISS (keep it simple, stupid)
If you There are many systems, with simple data so that each system is simple, if you have a system, spend a little time in the data.
18, algorithm, rather than a fixed data
the best game in the algorithms are enormous, which is also a variety of games are played; negative example is dependent on you to provide a fixed puzzle game. strive to do the former - you may not be able to reach (which is understandable), but you always this become more intelligent.
19, to retain all
sketches, the early documents, the old prototype, paper game, reserve rules. You never know when it will use them.
20, Do not talk to any art, games and fun
marriage, try an art form, and then try another, and then try another.
21, do not use lossy data
Photoshop's layer is your friend, High res is your friend. leading to the free structure of the link, you saved the screencap. the prototype of good deposit!
22, edited
that when you find a bunch of garbage time to remind you, even if they are only amateurs.
23, note
6 months later, you will not remember why the magic number is 37.5. in the code next to the written comments, in explain the logic in this planning case.
24, a huge
planning case they are more useless that no one would go to perform, over details of the dream of the day. an important item on the list will be used more.
25, back to the beginning every time you reach a milestone
, back to your first version of the comparison, the initial theme and the first goal. You say you want to change they can - if you really want to change them; you say you want to change them is not possible - if you do not realize they have deviated from.
26, know when to stop
adding too many easily break something. more a system, one more variable, and even multi-panel paintings in the game in a row to give it collapsed.
27, eat their own dog food
play your own game. If you think It is a pleasure, you really make some things.
28, learned to extract
learn from your design to see the underlying mathematical content, rather than the appearance of decoration. to see the source of emission Power, influence the scope of change and every second hidden keyboard percussion number. so you will be more profound understanding of the actual process of the game.
29, studying art. and programming. and marketing.
your understanding of other subjects related to the more stuff you design the better. not proficient in them - just get the basic ability.
30, do not argue with the players
they always know best their own experience. really should not have to tell them to play a waste of time. The question is why did they play.
31, attention to detail specifics of the elements
simply because a game stand out. They allow players to enjoy the joy and passion to further the game.
32, a story
whether a potential player, or a potential investor, you need to sell the game to them , way is to tell a story.
33, limit is a good thing a lot of ideas from the limitations
. If you get stuck, try to provide their own more limited, and then see what ideas come out. < br> 34, go
do once the game came out, not yours. abandon any talking about how to do games, not really to do. Anyone can use a few sheets of paper and crayons to make a game. No matter what your excuse, they are a bad excuse. You just made than others step, until you reach the end. If you complete to do one, then do one. keep doing.
36, do not yield to feel tired and frustrated if
, it is easy to reduce your standards to accommodate a number of things. This is the final product will be enormous. This difference with the compromise, compromise is inevitable, often beneficial to the product. The accommodation is generally fatal.
37, to player's perspective to consider
When you work in a system, describe what the player's actions, imagine the methods they use. practice the steps to achieve their goals, imagine the line of players to achieve this goal. from the players point of view, rather than incentives. a light, a cheer, a clear feedback.
39, use the list check game fun
important need: to do to meet the challenges; territorial / environmental issues; a variety of problem-solving choice; challenges change; the risk of failure; implementation skills; no bottom-feeding, as well as a variety of optional achievement. You may have your own list, which is a set of useful to me.
40,
remove any of the content is not fun you Only the blue bar box
rough picture of the screen and even borrowed the game prototype; or use paper, pens, playing cards and dice. art means to strengthen, doubled to improve, but does not replace the lack of games fun. If you can make at least the expression means something interesting, then have a better means of expression, it is more interesting.
analysis:
a good plan to take advantage of the limited resources make fun of the game. For example, the more well known to play Penguin series. This is the basic planning can not be ignored. As a plan should always exercise their own capacities in this area, such as the the number of escape, hit game is the game The basic design requires a lot of stuffing. level differences caused by, high level players can learn advanced skills, you can open the others, you can wear better equipment, you can summon more powerful baby and so on. The design is to create a to be superior, To expand the function of the legendary gang, such as to build their own city, then the city can also be upgraded by upgrading, and even buy advanced equipment. players will increase competition with the players to the gang war between. He came out of these speakers, like listen to my views. My answer is: to build this one gang, this design is very good, and very attractive. But for this, it has to do a stand-alone game. Otherwise, according to this design, in the old legend, then to add these elements, the player will be streaming from the previous gathering Tucheng spread their gang, the number will be significantly reduced Tucheng, Sabac will no longer be taken seriously, a series of changes to the old Legends of the game feeling vanished.
the core of each game has its own design, if added too many elements, the game will become mess. grasp the main line, enough to design a good game .
3, by
If you are making a big game, to recognize the fact of your big game and then a bunch of the same context the combination of small game may help you a lot. and all between the contents of the system will be too independent to make a game difficult to balance.
analysis:
game associated with the various systems need cable, or if there is no correlation between too much can cause great distress. such as games There are Class price is high, so fishing profitable players, a sense of accomplishment. but this design brings a new issue is the economy of the entire system chain of change. maybe we go fishing hh addition to the money Fishing, game, there will be . For example:
the ability of the player through the equipment, skills, and equipment to upgrade components. each is a relatively independent system, but some of them associated with a , can put the capacity of sub-sections provide a good: if the player 10 capacity of 100, then the equipment-40, offers 30 skills, equipment upgrades 30. when doing equipment upgrades, it is clear: to enhance the ability of all and 30. This will make sure values, and has been able to control it.
4, you should be able to summarize
from your game design philosophy out of some of the key verbs and sentences, in order to describe your creativity. If you can not, you definitely wrong somewhere.
analysis:
a planning predecessors once said this: Your ideas must be clear, in the end you do what kind of game? If you're clear, you can easily describe. If you can not describe, explain your thinking is not clear enough. If your idea is not clear, then the design system time will not boot. continue to do so will be a problem.
5, stylized
theme should be the best game the system and the perfect combination of expression. This will make your game more style. Do not underestimate the style of the production.
analysis:
background, system, style of expression can make the game more sense, this is where some of the planning is not important, such as an Oriental myth of the game, players skills, if a sense, this is the role of game style. such as net payments, the game's replayability of the game a lot worse than now, but now the martial arts game, with little sense of the kind made out of martial arts. This is the style of effect.
when players think of a game, immediately to the emergence of a corresponding feeling, so that the style of the game is successful. At this stage, many still ignore the production of the game, but if you want the game enhance the quality a notch. do not pay attention to style of it is unrealistic.
This is why the game early in the design will put forward the elements are listed: design, defection, surrender, useless
especially creative discussion, you want people all the time in the closing of smug, not exhausted and cynical. lengthy meeting will lead to collective considerations and too complicated. to maintain creativity and a brief discussion of the compact. < br> Analysis:
theme of the meeting need not to blindly let the play. Even the creative discussion, it should first sort out the contents of their speeches rambled, not at the meeting. In particular, many people, the entire conference order, more chaos.
7, using the sketch is a sketch of the game design
a very powerful tool. Sketchpad can pass through the screen, or so much information, in the early to draw down the player's gaming experience is and useful. painting a picture of on the players will see and things to do sketches, good description of important markers.
analysis:
some of the discussions or design, in particular, give the player some idea of feeling, with the with the passage of time will gradually blurred, is the best way to make records. And sketch is one of the most intuitive way.
8, do not code / planning
paper on the bike plan, while down the street riding down; or in the bath; or in a canoe. in any other place planning. not worry too much because they can not write it down and you lose what makes you excited to focus on those core essence. the environment changed stimulate creativity .
analysis:
can not think of ideas when walking around, not at a computer next. like when I want to design a martial arts type of game and difficult problems, I would like to see martial arts and some Novels friends chat, chat can inspire through creativity. on the toilet, bathing, etc. can be used to the idea of time, often good results.
9, speaking and listening
fresh ideas collide with each other, or even old ideas an unpredictable manner will collide with each other, the resulting creation. you through the > Analysis:
there are always some things that they do not know and friends know, maybe you have been a headache for a solution is a friend know. more exchanges to improve on both sides is very important. Hikaru, the Valley of the master said, a lot of sense, then, to the effect that: br> If you are assigned 12 people to create There are many thoughts and ideas, these ideas if after finishing professionals, most feasible. But the hardest part is not thinking and creativity, but rather to achieve these things.
11, the early consideration of asset issues asset
; doing a game or system on how much sound, photographs, and other calculations, often surprise you.
analysis:
this is what most beginners do not understand the contents of the plan. a game why do this for a long time, Why are some good ideas no way to complete a game why so many people, the game, how much money the company in the end. to understand the actual workload, which solved the problem.
12, steal and borrow
system is not sacred shall be inviolable. They just a tool to achieve the ultimate game. If a system is useful, took over with, even if you have seen in other games. No one noticed but you life bar you feel sick.
Analysis :
fact, there are similar to the planning and production of , chat, etc., can learn from. This can save a lot of time and avoid many problems (except with special needs, the basic system). The best example is Blizzard's reference works, seemingly simple set contains the truth.
above is the basic reference design. In addition, if you need a round of combat system, but not a good idea of the time, you can learn from similar games, such as Legend (general back and the system), Regulus Sword (running turn-based section), Jing Yong (SLG run strip), three Yingjie Chuan (senki class) mm too much, too numerous to mention. This is one of many benefits of playing the game, basically you can find the type.
13, early demo, demo
often the first system if you even come out before the game is very interesting, great; if not, beware. If the rule before determining arranged on the board on what is very interesting, cool; if not, beware.
analysis:
game before it is necessary to make clear: our game is what kind of game, playing the point where? only fun , cool design, began production. If it is not clear, then do not made. do not even like the game, players will not feel interesting.
14, different people play different < br> Do not use the same gang has carried out trial. disrupt them.
analysis:
different players have different ideas and styles of play, if the trial so that the same people see the problem may not be comprehensive.
15, shut up
see other people do not talk when playing. just look, write down all their folly, because you are stupid enough, did not do the more obvious things to do.
analysis:
Our services are designed for the players. by observing their behavior, you can see the success of our design. If they did not follow the game as we assume, that the design that we also omissions, such as games The guide is not enough.
16, you do not have clearance to play
people are talking about that game. but you should play about 10 minutes usually enough, but played better the first boss. < br> Analysis:
number of games too much, tasted. spent a short time can generally be understood broadly the game. But if a network game, it may take more time to be able to comprehend the essence of these.
17, KISS (keep it simple, stupid)
If you have a lot of systems, using simple data so that each system is simple, if you have a system, spend a little time in the data.
Analysis: < br> complex design makes the player can not start, but also extremely hard to plan. Therefore, if the multi-system, then associated with the data as simple as possible. If only one system to characterize the thin.
18, algorithm, rather than fixed data
the best game in the infinite variety of algorithms, which are also a variety of games are played; negative example is dependent on you to provide a fixed puzzle game. strive to do the former - you may not be able to reach ( This is understandable), but you will always get more intelligent this.
analysis:
have a design like this: two monsters life is 100, the main character attack to 10. in order to kill two monsters, for a total of 20 under attack.
Another design is this: life is 200 two monsters, one of which wood properties, a water property. protagonist, there are two means of attack, fire and earth attacks attack, if the property relative to g, attack is 20, otherwise 10. player chooses a monster with a fire attack wood properties, properties with soil water monster attacks, a total of 20, the contrast to 40 under.
effect of these two designs is similar, The second design added attributes of the elements of g that is not new, but significantly better than the first design. With the diversity of the game, players will have The second design, based on more complex systems can be made, together with escape, hit, damage bonus, range attack, and so forth so that the whole system becomes more fun. Of course it is very difficult, but can go try.
19, to retain all
sketches, the early documents, the old prototype, the paper version of the game, reserve rules. You never know when they will be used.
Analysis:
even if there will be a lot of different games the same sections as part of the accumulation should be preserved. This is good for companies and individuals.
20, Do not talk to any art, games and fun
marriage, try a kinds of art forms, and then try another, and then try another.
analysis:
not quite understand.
21, do not use lossy data
Photoshop layer is your Friends, High res is your friend. leading to the free structure of the link, you saved the screencap. the prototype of good deposit!
Analysis:
not quite understand the possible meaning is: This lossy image format, but rather use the bmp, tga like lossless format, image resolution should choose high. No matter how to change it, to keep it original. br> When you do that when a bunch of garbage to remind you, even if they are only amateurs.
analysis:
even amateurs can tell you where not done properly. amateur questions may not be professional in the majority, but often reflect the aspirations of the player. Blizzard doing very well at this point.
23, note
6 months later, you will not remember why that magic number is 37.5. in the code next to the written comments, in the case explained in the planning of this logic.
analysis:
previous design always forget to do the next record is a good habit.
24, a large They are useless
planning case no one to enforce these, and over the details of the daydream. an important item on the list would be much more useful.
analysis:
the case only in the actual planning huge production process and then gradually up, just in the initial entry and a brief description. looking for investors or when the project took a very detailed case is not appropriate, because at that time we also want to know your ideas and the construction details are not complicated. should people read this thing halo hh
course, some attractions may be listed specifically described.
25, back to the beginning every time you reach a milestone
, back compare your first version, the initial themes and initial goals. You say you want to change they can - if you really want to change them; you say you want to change them is not possible - if you do not realize that has deviated from the them.
analysis:
not understand this -_-|||< br> 26, know when to stop
adding too many easily break something. more a system, one more variables, and even more paintings in the game board in a row to give it collapsed.
analysis:
this and things. unplanned things added to it, may undermine the original balance. or what not to add this later after careful consideration, there are potential errors.
27, eat their own dog food
play your own do the games. If you think it is a pleasure, you really make some things.
analysis:
If you do not like to play their own game, do need a review. make friends, test One of the problems noted.
28, learned to extract
learn from your design to see the underlying mathematical content, rather than the appearance of decoration. to see the launch of the source of power, influence the scope of the changes and hidden Every second the number of keyboard percussion. so you will be more profound understanding of the actual process of the game.
analysis:
games are all the origin of any design. For example, most of the online game, small strange fall less money, more money in big blame fall? actually set the money drop is regulated economic system, each level of output section of the scope of how much money is to be strictly delimited. We When playing the game, thinking why he such a design, help to improve.
29, studying art. and programming. and marketing.
your understanding of other subjects related to the more your design things better. not proficient in them - just the ability to obtain basic.
analysis:
Why mobile game action games on the three keys with little need for the operation? That is because the operation of mobile phones convenient, so planned to do when the game should try to avoid these problems. you sure you want to design something out of it is reasonable and achievable.
my friend said a program like this: need to master the grammar of the program, but need to understand the operation of the process. basic skills. particularly after a producer, but also to the work of each department has an extremely in-depth understanding.
30, do not argue with the players
they always know best their own experience. tell they actually should not have to play a waste of time. The question is why did they play.
analysis:
and the problem.
31, attention to detail specifics of the elements
simply because .
analysis:
This is the general planning of the most easy to overlook the place. They use more energy in the build system, adjust the balance, set interaction and so on. the game is often obscure details, but can greatly something to improve the quality of the game.
, for example, turn-based game into battle when the screen flashed and experience to enhance the experience when you can see the added value of changes to increase rather than direct. The details of the design can greatly increase can be collected in all these examples the game reserve.
32, a story
whether a potential player, or a potential investor, you need to sell the game to them, way is to tell a story. < br> Analysis:
they are usually more interested or more likely to accept is the beginning of the introduction from the background, rather than , it takes effort to understand, it is painful. The story is nice, easy to understand, so more likely to be accepted.
33, is a good thing
many creative limitations from the limitations. If you get stuck , and try to give yourself more restrictions, and then see what ideas come out.
analysis:
give some restrictions to make the whole idea more clearly. such as we have done in the design of such Example: Players can improve the level of experience, skills levels, to improve player attributes and so on. generally thought so, but it is hard to do, when to start, the player's personal development will be difficult to grasp. Then we add on this basis, a Restrictions: Players will be automatically increased level of experience just decided to upgrade the skills and attributes of the player. This restriction reduces the whole lot of difficulty, so that work can continue to be carried out.
34, go do it once the game
, and it is not yours. abandon any talk about how to play games, not really to do. Anyone can use a few sheets of paper and crayons to make a game. No matter what your excuse, they are a bad excuse. You just step than others until you reach the end. If you complete to do one, then do one. do not stop.
analysis:
to work out their own, even if it be bad. take no play groups or things are often the biggest problem production company.
if no one is willing to help ...

(Abstract) beer game ~ ~ ~

 Beer Game mm Whose fault?
Action in order to further realize the mental retardation of learning, let us do an interesting experiment, it is also training in systems thinking, a very important activity. Our approach is to create a simulated organization, because there you can see the consequences of your decision, and the organization than in the real more clearly seen. We often invite people to participate in this experiment, is a known (beer game) simulation, developed the game for the first time, was in the sixties the MIT Sloan School of Management (Sloan School of Management), which is similar to more simple, the participants make a decision only. In the experiment, we will be better than in real organizations, the more clearly exposed to those with intellectual disabilities and their causes. million times on the experimental results have shown that much of the problem from Consideration of basic human behavior and interaction, it is more than the characteristics of organizations and policies. hope everyone has a chance to personally try this in terms of the plight of all humanity; are very important games.
in the beer game , we have exposure in a little attention, but widespread organization. It is an all in all industrial countries, responsible for production and marketing of commodity production and distribution system. this experiment is the production and distribution of a single brand of beer system. to participate in games, each playing different roles, and completely free to make any decisions. Their only goal is to play its role as far as possible, so that the maximum profit. This is the role of three major retailers, wholesalers and the manufacturer's marketing director. Now let three different roles, respectively, the angle of view the development of the story.
retailers
Imagine you are a retailer. you may be in a suburban home twenty-four hours of business The chain manager; or your business is an ancient town, a family grocery store; also be a side of the road in the remote beverage wholesalers.
like no matter what your shop, or any other goods you sell , beer is your principal place of business projects. It is not only profitable, but also to attract customers to come in to buy other commodities, such as popcorn and potato chips and so on. you keep at least a dozen stocks various brands of beer, and roughly log store inventory.
once a week, there will be truck drivers to the back door of your store. You gave him a copy of the weekly order form, the above reads the number of boxes of each brand you want. truck drivers in other parts of finish After your order will give you the beer wholesalers handling, appropriate arrangements for the shipment and the order shipped to your store. Gradually, you have been accustomed to these processes, the average time your order around you; for words, the beer is usually about four weeks after your order was delivered to your store.
you and your beer wholesalers, has never been to meet directly with each other and chatted. you only through the check mark to a piece of paper communication messages. This is because your store sells hundreds of items from dozens of wholesalers, beer wholesalers and you have to deal more than a dozen different stores in cities hundreds of delivery. in your customers and orders continued to increase, and who has time to chat? number is you only need to communicate with each other matters.
you sell the most stable of a beer called you store about 300 miles, small but effective production by the manufacturer. It is not super-popular brand; In fact, the manufacturer completely without ads. But, as a day the general law of the morning papers, weekly You have to sell 4 boxes of beer lovers. can be sure that these customers are mostly young men aged around 20, no fixed preference; but somehow, every time a customer switch to other brands of beer, there will be other to take his lover to buy beer.
To ensure that you always have enough beer lover, you always try to keep 12 boxes of stock. So come Monday when the beer truck, you order 4 boxes, over time, you heart box has the turnover rate of 4 per week for granted, even when your order will be made unconsciously, said: October, a week (let us call the second week), a sudden increase in sales of beer lovers doubled, from 4 to 8 box case. You think that good, you left the store 8 box. you do not know why the sudden increase in sales of beer lover 4 boxes. Maybe it was a banquet! However, in order to add an additional 4 boxes sold, you increase the number on the order of 8 boxes. This will allow you to resume normal inventory of 12 boxes.
�� ��third week: The strange thing is, the next week to sell you another 8 cases of beer lovers. Occasionally, you will have to empty briefly pondering why. but spring break has not arrived yet, the beer company did not inform you organizing special promotional activities, there may be other reasons hh, but a customer came in and interrupted your thoughts.
At this time, the delivery came, what about the beer lover, you still no chance to think carefully about, you look down the delivery note, sent only to see him this time around before you set of 4 boxes. You are only 4 boxes of inventory, meaning that unless the decline in sales next, otherwise you this week Beer lovers will be all sold out. So order 8 boxes to catch at least the rate of sales. But to be safe, you order 12 boxes, so you can rebuild the original standard safety stock.
�� ��fourth week: On Tuesday, you find the time to one or two young customer asked. It was found about a month ago, a new pop music videos broadcast on television channels, the chorus of Beer, toward the sun, asked, but the potato chip deliveryman just to delivery, lover of beer and the problem is slide out of your mind.
beer with your order the next arrival, only sent 5 boxes. (although because only 1 box of leftover inventory, you have some upset, but think it is good. Thanks to the promotional videos for free.) Although you know more than the previous set had been a few cases, but think about demand may rise further, and do not order 16 cases .
�� ��fifth week: Monday morning, you sold out the only one box. Fortunately, you also received 7 boxes of beer lovers (and apparently begun to respond to your wholesalers have higher levels of your order.) But all the beer they sold out before the end of this week, your inventory completely out of stock. you looked a little worried the empty shelves, and do another set of 16 boxes. you do not want to end up with the popular reputation of beer out of stock.
�� ��sixth week: Sure enough, when customers began this week to see if there is no lover of beer folder. there are two very loyal, willing to wait to buy. They said: We immediately come to buy. They turn up to come to buy their own 1 box, and the remaining 4 cases of beer they sold out before the weekend. have two customers to leave you their names, the next shipment arrived. please immediately call them. you can not help but think: The growing popularity of beer.
glaring at the empty shelves in two days after that if you do not order another 16 boxes is not right. you struggling with whether to order more quantity, but you are restrained their own, because you know the next several will soon begin delivery of large orders. But when will they deliver it?
�� ��seventh week: This week brought only 5 cases of delivery trucks, That means you have to face empty shelves for a week. you have the goods to the order of the customer, less than two days, the rest of the lover of beer and sold out. This week is more scary, there are five customers left their name. You ordered another 16 boxes, and praying that you will start to arrive large orders.
�� ��eight weeks: At this point you have the attention of beer lovers, more than any other goods you sell more close. Every time a customer to buy the look inconspicuous, half dozen of beer, you will pay special attention. People seem to talk about Valentine's beer. you eagerly waiting for the truck driver sent 16 cases of beer.
but the truck driver only sent 5 boxes. You say: . But I think you will receive the goods after a few weeks. no. This will result in your reputation What impact? you frustrated and angry.
This time you ordered 24 boxes, than you originally planned to order more than doubled. can not understand why the wholesalers to treat you? Does not he know that we have much appetite for the market here?
wholesalers
as a wholesale distribution executives, beer is your life. You spend the day in a very long time inside a small warehouse, piled high in the warehouse can think of each brand of beer, of course, including the beer lover. your service area includes the city, the city's suburbs and remote countryside. you are not the only local beer wholesalers, but you a solid foundation. and there are a number of small brands, including Valentine's beer account, by your sole agent in the area.
contact you with the way manufacturers, retailers, mostly used to contact you with the same way. you every week on a form, fill in the number of scribbled and handed to your driver. an average of 4 weeks, the beer will be set to. just your total order is not to fine, but the whole batch. The total number of each batch about small enough to fill a truck, so you think is the truck volume. just like your retailers every week you order 4 boxes to the beer lover, you have a week to order four truck manufacturers amount, enough to make you have 12 trucks at any time the standard product inventory.
to eight weeks you almost have the same retailers as you feel frustration and anger. lovers of beer has always been a reliable and stable brand, but a few weeks ago (about the fourth week) suddenly began to rapidly increase the order. and then down the week, orders from retailers to continue to increase. to the eighth week, most retailers have ordered beer is the usual number of three or four times.
Initially, the warehouse inventory, easily meet the needs of additional orders. And when you notice a lover of beer sales increase, you immediately order the manufacturers to improve the number of such beer. VI weeks in the beer distribution news you see on a popular music video on the article, the further increase order volume, substantial increase of 20 trucks per week amount. This is your usual amount of beer ordered 5 times. but you need to so much, because the beer popularity, the demand for orders from retailers to judge, was double, triple or even quadruple increase.
to the sixth week, all you have to send out inventory of beer, yet less the number of goods or alarming. there are a few of the larger chains also anxious to call you directly, but your inventory empty beer lover. but at least you know, and then set the beers more than a few weeks you will be sent.
In the eighth week, when you call the manufacturer and ask whether there is any way to speed up their delivery (and inform them you have the amount of orders increased to 30 trucks), you dismay found that they increased production capacity in two weeks ago. They have just learned that the increased demand. how did they get so slow?
�� ��ninth week: Now is the ninth week. Do you received each week from each of the retail volume of about 20 trucks, order beer lover, and you still No goods. last week before the end of your goods to retailers due to the amount of the addition of 29 trucks. your staff for the field staff phone calls have become commonplace, and even they ask you to install an answering machine, designed to explain something about the beer lover. But you are confident in the week, she had received from the manufacturer before you order a month the amount of ZO truck.
However, they only sent six trucks content. Obviously manufacturers are still missing goods, while the relatively large number of production runs only now beginning to ship. you call several large chain customers, to assure them that they ordered the beer will soon be sent.
�� ��tenth week: the tenth week It is an angry man. You are expected to send extra (amount of at least 20 trucks) of beer missing. you think maybe the manufacturer does not increase production so quickly. They only give you the amount of 8 trucks. to call to have no answer telephone, apparently all of them are full production in the factory.
At the same time, individual stores in the sales of beer apparently mad because you received an unprecedented large orders this week for the 26 mm truck volume. Perhaps they are because they can not get the beer from you, so the order so much. No matter what, you have to keep up with orders. If you can not get beer, they might turn to your competitors to purchase.
you ordered from the manufacturer volume of 40 trucks.
�� ��Week: In the tenth week, you find yourself near the bar in the warehouse into a particularly long time for lunch (because you really do not like receiving a phone call chain.) beer lovers only sent 12 trucks. you are still unable to contact the manufacturer for any one person. and you have more than 100 trucks waiting for the replenishment order quantity: have set the amount of outstanding 77 trucks, plus this week received from the store the amount of the order of 28 trucks
you have to get beer, so you ordered from the manufacturer and then the amount of 40 trucks.
�� ��twelfth week: to the twelfth week, the situation is more understood. demand for beer lovers the degree of change is much higher than you expect. as long as you think if there is enough stock, can make much money, they had identified a sigh. Manufacturers How can you do? Why long-term demand will rise out of stock so fast? How can you expect but keep up? everything you know is never again fall into such long-term out of the situation. you re-order quantity of 60 trucks.
the next four weeks, demand continues to exceed your supply. In fact, to the thirteenth week, you totally did not decrease due to volume.
�� ��Week: In the tenth and fifteenth weeks, four weeks, you finally start receiving more from the manufacturer a large number of shipments. Meanwhile, the order quantity from the store down a little. you think maybe because last week they set a little more. At this point, any help reduce the number of things are less popular goods . Now to the sixteenth week, you finally get the last few weeks almost all the beer required: the amount of 55 trucks. The beer must board planes stacked up, and these come in the goods will be sold soon.
A whole week off, you hope the order would come in the store. But you see the orders one by one the number of Reclamation are the same: zero, zero, zero, zero, zero. what's wrong with these people? around Previously, they growled out loud to you want a beer, now they do not even a box of.
sudden, you felt a chill from the heart to take up. you just have to give written orders for the manufacturer Remove all of the 24-truck volume.
�� ��seventeenth week: Next this week, and 60 trucks to the amount of beer lovers. store of the order amount is still zero .109 goods truck in your warehouse wind patterns do not move, you pile every day walking around in these goods, out of a concave or not.
store this week should be increased to some of the goods, after all, that video is still broadcast. your heart with himself if he did not come to order, you want every bloody hell retailers into the eighteenth floor.
appalling is that retailers order from you again lover of beer odd number. you ordered from the manufacturer Naturally, this is the number zero. However, hateful, or continue to beer manufacturers sent, this week brought in 60 trucks and the amount is excessive, and he do not know my situation? Why should the freight to the manufacturer? It to When will it end?
manufacturers
Imagine that you are being hired four months ago, this beer is responsible for the manufacturer's distribution and marketing executives, beer lovers were just that, a few major products. This is a small factory, known for quality, marketing is not very well, so the company just hire you to enhance marketing.
Now, obviously you do on some things. because you took office less than two months (this game the sixth week), new orders are beginning to rapidly increase. to you as the first three months of the end of this work, beer batch of 40 orders per week, you just started with just four batches, so you feel satisfied with the substantial growth. And Your shipments are 30 batches.
factory goods in question also lacks. In this factory, a bottle of beer brewed from your decision to complete the shipment of beer preparation, at least two weeks , so you for a few batches of beer in the warehouse inventory, which was granted. but those in the seventh week out of the light, and this just came two weeks after the order things began to rise. The next week you have set in 9 batches outstanding orders, there are 24 approved the new order, you can only send 22 batches. then you have to be a hero in the company. director award to each employee to work longer hours than doubled, and excited to be Interviews for the factories to hire new help.
you are lucky because of the video referred to pop music lovers of beer. you're the third week from the letter written by young people learned to do video, but only until the sixth week see the video caused by the impact of higher orders.
even to the tenth weeks, the factory can not match the order has set the amount outstanding. you are constantly asked for more brewing capacity. you think I do not know their bonuses this year will be How many, and perhaps may require a certain percentage of profits. you bored in the marketing magazine for his portrait on the cover.
in the sixteenth week, you finally catch up with the amount outstanding has been set. But in the seventeenth week, your dealer only ordered 19 batches of goods. and to the eighteenth week, they are completely not order beer, and some can even be seen on the order are all cut out of.
is now the tenth nine weeks. you are 100 batches of beer warehouse inventory. And beer sales are still pegged to zero. At the same time you asked a lot over the last beer brewed, the brewing are constantly. You play in fear of a phone call to the boss. you say: ; but I'm sure this is only temporary. three weeks. you want to order reproduce the peak of the growing slim, and your excuses sound more and more weak. you mess distributors and retailers, last month frantically to goods, nothing this month set a sudden, News and pop music videos are created high demand for beer lovers.
�� ��Twenty-four weeks: you are twenty-four weeks early, to borrow the company car to visit the first stop is the wholesaler's office. This is not your first meeting with the wholesaler, is only the second time you talk to, because up until this crisis, and nothing to say. you looking dignified greeting each other a bit, and then take you back wholesaler warehouse. wholesaler, said: ;
with you to determine inevitable collapse of demand from the phenomenon of violence, .
the way back, the idea of your marketing strategy in mind the wording of the report, of the moment, you decide in a retail store along the way after a pause.'re lucky, owner of the shop. you introduce yourself retailer face to squeeze out a smile. him. to look after a shop assistant, both of you with a fast food restaurant next door, all to a cup of coffee.
readily bring the store inventory record book retailer, to open cross- on the table. sell beer lover. in accordance with current sales pace, we'll be six weeks after ordering things. Retailers have to wait every six weeks and then ordered beer, and then only order a few boxes a week, will be one year or more time-consuming, can the amount of inventory wholesalers of 220 trucks has dropped significantly. You say: Who made it happen hh I mean, how do we prevent such tragedies from happening again? when the video began airing, we have been 4 cases of beer are sold. Next week we sold 8 of the second box. not even a box to do? . number you do not deliver the beer to us. We had to keep order, to ensure that sufficient quantities to keep up with customer needs.
retailer said: capital. I just want to sell some of that 93 cases of beer. dismissal of workers or shut down production lines to blame, blame the retailers as wholesalers, retailers, wholesalers blame, and both want to blame you. at least for now early enough, can make you leave with a little dignity. As long as Can you come up with some explanation of this is not your fault, shows that you are the victim, not the culprit.
reflection
a beer game, the structure of behavior
different people in the same structure in nature tend to produce similar results. When problems occur or when performance can not be reached to do so, we would usually blame on certain people or things. However, our problem or crisis, but often the system by which we live caused by the structure, rather than due to external forces or individual error.
Second, the structure of human systems is subtle and complex
We tend to want to make only the structure of the external constraints, but in human system, the structure also includes the time you make a decision based on many principles, we interpret these principles based on knowledge, goals, norms, and into action.
Third, effective creative solutions often come from new thinking way in the human system
often hidden more effective creative solution, but we do not have found, because only the decision to focus on their own, while ignoring their own decisions on what impact other people. in the beer game itself The three roles within the capacity of their have clever way to eliminate large oscillations. But they can not do, because they do not know how to begin to create oscillations.
crisis has been repeated
Business community popular hero. We glorify and advancement of people who achieve tangible results. But if things went wrong, and we intuitively think that a certain someone messed up.
game in beer there is no such culprit, no one is blame. In our story of three characters, any one person's intentions are good: good customer service, maintaining a smooth flow in the system and to avoid losses. each have a role in their own rational speculation can occur What, and made in good faith, and decisive judgments. no one's intention is bad, but despite this, the crisis still exists in the system's structure.
nearly two decades, the Beer Game in the classroom and management training workshops was played several dry times. there are people on five continents played this game, the participation of people of all ages, nationality, culture and industry background; some participants heard before the production / distribution system, some people have It took a long time in this business. But every time you play this game, or place the same crisis. The first is a large number of out of stock, the system orders are increasing, inventory depletion, the amount of shortage is increasing. then finally achieve the order quantity, a large number of delivery, but the number of new orders received, began to sag. before the end of the experiment, almost all to participate in games, are sitting they can not reduce the huge inventory; inventory, there are several manufacturers per box, 8 boxes per week looking at wholesalers, 10 boxes of orders and do nothing.
if thousands of people from different backgrounds to participate in the game, but all produce similar results, which must be beyond reason more personal factors. For these reasons must be hidden inside the structure of the game itself.
is more worthy of attention is the game of beer production and marketing model structure, actually can lead to real production distribution system common crisis. For example, in 1985 personal computer memory chips and low-cost adequate supply, sales are down 18%, the U.S. industry suffered losses of 25 to 60%. But in late 1986, the sudden shortage, because of fear and over-subscription, leaving a shortage increased, the results the same chip prices 100-300%. similar needs sharp drop in violence from 1973 to 1975, the semiconductor industry. a substantial increase in orders, resulting in the entire industry out of stock and delivery time delay, the demand is Then fall, you need any product, we can immediately get. a few years, Siemens (Siemens), Saige Ni (Signetics) Nortel (Northern Telecom), Han Wei (Honeywell), and Shilinboge (Schlumberger ) and so all through the decline of the semiconductor manufacturing company to purchase and enter the industry.
in mid-1989, General Motors, Ford and Chrysler, just as the Wall Street Journal said, sales, dealer inventories continue to accumulate. those companies of idle factories, and high rates not seen for many years lay off workers. Inventory accelerator theory) needs of the commercial business cycle mm slightly higher, leading to excessive increase in inventories, and lead to poor sales and depression.
various service industries again and again that such fluctuations occur. such as real estate industry and the subsequent rush of the grand serious slow-moving, far too many such examples, but we repeat the same mistakes again and again, it is because people are too forgetful, or because a deeper layer of the , in the production of the true state distribution system is often the case than the beer game worse. the real world retailers will also be the three or four wholesalers order, until there is a delivery, and not to cancel the delivery of other order. the real world manufacturers often encounter in the game have appeared Existing capacity constraints, so that the whole distribution system, the panic even worse. or the manufacturer may increase productivity, because they believe that the current level of demand will continue, But this way, once the demand for fall, will find themselves in the plight of excess capacity.
games such as the production of beer distribution system, wave phenomena, revealing the first principles of systems thinking: the structure of behavior. < br> Structure
behavior is very different people even when they're in the same system being, also tend to produce similar results.
systems perspective tells us, to understand the important issues, our vision must be higher than just look at individual events, the individual or the individual personality of mistakes. We must better understand the impact of our individual actions and individual actions make them similar to the underlying structure. seventies shocked the world as the masterpiece limit> (The Limits to Growth) m front of the book Silk (Donella Meadows) said: . Peace br> and killing, victory and despair filled the people. human pace of life changed dramatically throughout, at first in order to increase the speed of movement, and then slowly decreasing. Some people ask: What is the reason of this activity, or, in the end it is the law according to what happens ?
Disagreement with the people close to him or write a detailed biography, talking about one of the important relationship between the characters, and then concluded that, because these things make the revolution happen, and these are the laws of history.
intelligent people refuse to believe this explanation. In fact l r revolution and Napoleon's generation, many individuals will bring together the results, this will bring them to the pooling can also be its demise.
Historians believe: l no matter what the time of war there is the great military leaders; no matter what a time when the country will have a great revolution. r intelligent people believe: l no matter what the time, when the great military leaders indeed there is a war; but that does not mean that general causes of the war is causing, or can be found in an individual's activities of factors leading to war. r the law, only a deeper understanding of hope. he called completely change the subject of observation, must be put aside kings, ministers, generals, and started studying to guide the public but very similar to those subtle elements. no one can in the final analysis in this area of human progress in understanding the depth of the laws of history; but apparently only efforts in this direction is possible that the laws of history. And now, with the study of human intelligence and wisdom of this method, less than many in the narrative historian with kings, ministers, generals hh such as the one in a million.

Luya - Mount Field Practice Report (II)

 Third, the training process and record
5  20 morning departure from school, means direct Luya Mullen grassland. Malun walk through the prairie grassland is not seen when the vast flat, but uneven, climbing on the way to see a variety of landforms such as folds, faults and other geological structures and a variety of bizarre rock marks. Luya peak temperature of 5 degrees Celsius. On the way to see the vegetation changes from the spruce and larch poplar, and low, Zhongshan and alpine vegetation have the distinction.
.5 21 1. yaozi Bay, 1593 above sea level, air pressure 842 hPa
slope m: forest type, less evaporation, vegetation is coniferous leaf mixed forest. light is weak, slow evaporation, so the more humid forest development
sunny: dry type, vegetation is shrubs, trees, because the strong light, the door so the evaporation of shrubs and herbaceous growth.
2.
military plant near the factory in the army found a large slope sediments, the gravity or surface water, groundwater under the influence of the slope goes down or collapse, over time the formation of slope sediments. due to special historical conditions, the military plant layout in this inaccessible mountain areas with good cover, and in this mountain cave in warehouses and other critical national infrastructure. Thus, social factors also affect the distribution industry.
3. altitudes 1960, 832
main soil type is brown here and leaching of soil. this altitude? wood profusion of rich vegetation, but soil is not thick. clods fragmented, bare rock. development of plants are mainly grasses and Artemisia plants.
.5 22 second horse camp
cultural landscape ----- Man Court
valley landforms (as shown in table)

floodplain river bank
< br>
second terrace river terrace

Hill
sand, gravel, a river valley farmland diversion phenomenon

villages, roads
Hill
5  23, the main observations of a rock slope
thickness, attitude (orientation, angle, direction) and lithology.
5   24   a source
Fen Fen River in the north mountains mm Guancen source Shandong Lu, China's famous city of one of the three tests, known as area of about 100km2. pregnant with beauty and scenic landscapes, cultural landscape brilliant, have always been thunder newly built temple. Fen said that when the source of fountains, sound like thunder, thunder Temple, hence the name.
5.25,5.26
Wutai Mountain Tourist Area, northeast of Xinzhou, Shanxi Province, with an average elevation of 1000 meters above the highest point of the north Taiwan and Yemen peak 3058 meters above sea level, known as the Mountain peak
five, east of Taiwan to see the sea of clouds sunrise Haifeng Wang, Southern Taiwan Fairview peak sea of flowers hanging on the West Taiwan Jiao color peaks can enjoy the moon, North Taiwan and Yemen peak can view the mountains cascading, middle Cui Yanfeng If rock stars can be seen, more days of making wonders: ; Bulmo hole The temple, one of China's four Buddhist holy sites. According to legend, the first Buddhist temple was built here in the Eastern Han, experience on behalf of the repair extension has formed a certain scale. 48 existing monasteries, monks and nuns hundreds of people. Wutai Mountain has a long history, splendid culture, ancient completed groups, cultural atmosphere, and treasures gathered, is the ancient, sculpture, painting art treasure. Tangjian Nan Buddhist Temple, Buddhist Temple; was built in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the grand-scale Tong Temple and the has long been known in the world of precious relics. honest emotional attractive folk customs, history Mingrenyishi inspirational, fascinating lives of many monks and nuns.

Hand in hand, without saying anything!

 Disaster, the two leaders, no, it is the hand of two comrades in arms tightly pull together! This is the power! This is the faith!
Are you in, we have confidence! Are you in, the Chinese have hope! Thank you, Mr President! Thank you, Prime Minister!
We know you always be with us!
a loess molded thousands of you and I,
vein is the Great Wall, the Yellow River arteries. < br> Five thousand years of culture is the endless pulse,
reminded me to remind you,
we have a Chinese name.
and then a big storm we have seen,
no matter how tough the We all go through stress,
is the nation's integrity,
is unhappy the integrity,
has not changed too.
holding hands,
say nothing,
even silence are the songs,
because we have a Chinese name mm!

Had to say

 Mr Yam's article in the Forward, I had to add a comment, because the face of China's seven years of real estate prices rose sharply, the people at home people sulked, and Mr. Ren continued to express their views because (actually just told the truth) is Of course, as the public spokesman for the real estate group has been vocal opposition, anxious to sleep the skin, eat its meat. can be understood, it has always been characteristic of China, is obviously the result of central policy, but the people at home must be sent to the most vicious curse policies to be bound by the same citizens (a group of people that benefit), rather than condemning the policy given the Government and the Government are happy to look at various domestic interest groups blame each other, and reduce their own responsibility. We carefully lists the main reasons led to rising real estate prices, in the end to see who is responsible:
1: RMB excess distribution. This makes people's property is a great exploit, forcing people to buy a hedge against inflation, real estate and so are the policy leads to frustration behavior
2: Only for residential real estate development company to develop the policy. (real estate development company is a great benefit, so were the people curse, but this Who restrictive policies enacted? Of course, if the right real estate company with official collusion, bribery is to be scolded, but also sued the Criminal Code, but accused the benefit of this group have no reason too, do business is the moral? )
3: The Government's monopoly on land supply, as well as a variety of complex real estate development approval procedures, the steps do not have the power to provide the space rent-seeking? particularly funny is that years ago, people condemned the arbitrary levels of government grant of land, making the right space with the maximum rent-seeking, and finally move into the land, auction. may move did not solve the fear of official corruption linked to the problem, but skyrocketing land prices direct pull. Oh, I'm speechless, in China, this kinds of regimes, the single address an economic problem, would be to stop the corruption of officials in the land? course, can not start saying, you know! as to maintain the current real estate tax levy, as did the people what is the purpose? only after the introduction of will not bring prices down, to the same result in the plundering of the public the new, so many years, our economic policies are basically the result of this, and why. I know, you know, we know everything.
space is limited, do not want to more lists. but I must correct some of your misconceptions, based on my preliminary view, Mr. Ren understanding of many of his judgments on real estate prices means that housing, and the national requirements of the Home Ownership should be asking the Government to ensure, and to ensure that the national housing needs and reasonable room What room, it is a government thing, anyway, most of the people is certainly not get the officials, the central enterprises have to get the kind of room , although they may be as it is called.
had to say
Ren
want to make people rejoiced over the bumper year, the State Council issued again in 2011 before the new eight for consolidate and expand the regulation last year, results continued to effectively curb speculative investment and work hard, and gradually solve the housing problem of urban residents. But in addition to increased security, the text seemed to favor the gradual resolution could not find housing for urban residents the terms of the problem.
Maybe the government hopes can change in consumer attitudes and contain consumer demand and slow down the process of urbanization in China, in order to balance supply and demand, to guarantee to replace the market. However, thirty-five years of planned economy in China the failure of so long ago that a universal protection is also able to return back to become a history. China is no longer stick to the small-peasant economy era of self-sufficiency, long ceased to be satisfied with the status quo, there is no surplus at home The net of the times eat flowers. the people's growing material needs and from the Central Economic Work Conference emphasized the strengthening of government responsibility in the country into eight local government responsibility, if China is a federal state system, local and central than the existing distribution system, then the local government can still be relatively independent Government can still say effectively assume the responsibility to promote stable development of the market, and the current state system really want a government divided into two levels of government liability for it?
local governments the power to approve land targets? Yes formulate monetary policy power? have developed the power to tax it? the adjustment rate power? a bond issuance rights? controlled migration rights? the hands of some local governments do not even have control of steel, cement, building materials production, deployment ability, there is no independent ability to tax disposable, but also how to bear the responsibility to stabilize the market do?
people do not know this place is provincial or municipal government, is the first line or second and third tier cities, county governments may refer to ( There will be second into the security requirements of the town, which to the county a). Well, this so-called local government since there is no market control means, and to his official status and had to disguise, only to be forced to make use of administrative means fake one way to go.
local housing statistics in the fraud is a very easy thing to do, the average house price is not an accurate definition of the standard number, this is no sense of the virtual market, the number of naturally you can use a variety of ways to Jiaxi True singing. as with the external supply of affordable housing a large number of the average price of a small amount of 高档房 down; as with a lot of affordable housing supply will continue to enjoy the average price; such as high restricted Housing sales license, will reduce the average selling price; such as sales price with the developers to cut prices and ordered way; such as basic functions of the administrative measures will promote the healthy development of the market do?
Maybe we figure out that eight countries what is the definition of the market, but economics tells us that there is no price signal, not the certainly not the market. by the Chief of the distorted price signals that reflect the market will definitely not be a healthy market, not to be a growing market.
the hands of a government with a wide range of regulatory tools and economic instruments, yet it can not predict and control the inflation target market, leaving cities to take on unarmed People's Government of stability, control it not the responsibility of housing prices is a difficult, completely passing the buck, or a practice is irresponsible . If the Central Government has totally irresponsible to the point that China's citizens do trust the central government should be transferred to the local government body to do?
China has never had to determine the new year in the region Housing price control target system, the standards do not know what will be whether the housing affordability index can be used as a quantitative standard. so early in the years before the eastern region of immigrants in this fast-growing affordability index below 100 long, while the central and western regions are mostly between 120 to 140, much higher than the index of 100 of these areas can allow the house prices rising it? whether the eastern region and not only growth down what?
the economic development objectives and per capita disposable income growth rate as a measure of the basis, first of all to change the distribution of income in a state or central government to receive the standard, the existing revenue and the increase in the proportion of GDP, far higher than the proportion of income distribution and growth, of which the bulk is concentrated in the central rather than local, that led to the local government over the financial dependence on the land. If you do not change the financial system, that is, money is not the central revenue , the local government subsidy of the central government, developers can not earn to subsidize local governments, consumers can not dig to subsidize less economic?
at least the responsibility of central government tax system without changing the existing situation, will contain shifting the burden of rising house prices means there is no market control ability of local governments, forcing local government to use administrative means to control prices, will not allow a more stable and healthy development of the market, it will certainly not conducive to resolving the housing problem of urban residents.
Second, to increase housing security is a government responsibility, but who is the object of protection, has always been a nobody knows for sure, no one is willing to not spend the capital to enjoy the government subsidy of public resources, and to which to send a Property Large fiscal revenue. Thus the strict standards of access and exit mechanism is for the protection of the public policy of disappointment and doubt the key. to increase public rental demand will help stabilize markets, but not completely reverse the imbalance between supply and demand relationship. The lease did not participate in the competitive sales price, the price naturally has nothing to do with the curb, but the selling price controls will affect the rental price is.
Third, improve the tax aspects of transactions, is indeed restricted in many countries 短炒speculation of a practice. However, the Korean experience shows that such auxiliary means can not solve the fundamental supply and demand in the market, but second-hand housing weakened ability to regulate complement attack. Fortunately, China is a market dominated by 一手房countries, or transferability of such a transaction tax is inevitable and can only raise the price of the transaction.
Chinese history has repeatedly tried to second-hand housing transactions to limit tax increases in second-hand housing transaction prices , and each time the empirical results are continuously transferred by way of transaction taxes and push up prices. but not established a comprehensive national network of individual housing information system of local government, how could a strict tax rates?
一手房 trading in Shanghai to encourage decoration, expressly provides for the price of housing transactions and the trading price of refined decoration separate deal signed two contracts, but only contract traded on the housing business tax and deed tax. so second-hand housing whether the price of the transaction and the renovation of housing transactions can be divided into two sections deal? If 一手房 can be separated, why not allow second-hand housing transactions are separate from it? dating now become a major public housing transfer and the transfer of two contracts decoration , the transaction may not be the result of changes due to the tax.
application technology as a real estate appraisal is a necessary condition taxed countries in common, including trading links, and inheritance of property transfer and holding areas gift links. But China never paid much attention to the history of the role of assessment, in addition to listing a small amount of displacement, related party transactions, it almost does not establish that a system across the country registered a total of qualified evaluators, three to five people , to 70 cities, 660 cities in general, 2,600 county-level cities, nearly 190 million square meters of housing to establish a sound evaluation system takes about 150 years. Meanwhile, the Chinese history and chaotic distribution system land and property rights system before and after the reform adds to the difference in the change process, which conducted the assessment of regional equity issues can not be solved, and trying to deal the rest of the short-term combination of tax collection is an almost impossible.
may ulterior motives, the establishment of evaluation system is more important to serve the property to be held by restructuring the tax aspects of it.
Fourth, housing credit is supposed to be the result of fair market competition, However, the difference between credit enhancement and the service of political goals, so the identification of the second set of housing and credit policy has become a political tool. nominally against the real estate investment and speculative behavior, the actual demand is to limit the type of improvement. China 50-year history of the welfare distribution, and more than 75% of the privatization of urban housing have told the market to improve the rate of the dominant type of demand, while policies restricting investment in a large number of malicious slander needs to improve the model, which gradually resolved with the town residents of the housing problems of the goals had a strong conflict.
not know that China's transfer of the contract in order to avoid taxes has long appeared to children of parents and children to their parents purchase behavior, many individuals have three sets of name housing, property rights to a living are divided into three generations. it is necessary to prevent the death or remarriage, with the older generation, but also prevent the next generation of divorce and property transfer, it will inevitably retain their own property, how is it fair ?
no doubt that changes in credit conditions will greatly influence the market's purchasing power and transaction levels. If you press the authorization document, local governments can apply to the bank a higher down payment and interest rates, the banks made a national crisis, you had better fortune but it may mean something.
the local government to attract foreign investors, will it not break the standard mortgage investors turn away from it? China Banking Regulatory Commission this year, holding the big stick of the core capital adequacy ratio, the central bank holding the reserve ratio difference big stick, bank credit was revised scale differential management approach in the struggle for power in the two institutions greatly affected. coupled with the housing credit squeeze, perhaps more than anyone else sad day, but to the underground financing and credit , pawnshops, mortgage can be ample opportunities created. do not know the end result is very confusing bank or capital markets mixed. at least the expansion of bank financing will continue, otherwise it can not develop and survive.
five supply and demand conditions is the equilibrium price, the source of land supply is expected to restrict the supply of housing. So the supply of land price increase is expected to stabilize the premise, but the people from eight countries seem to see hope. Strict management of housing land supply, expand the supply is not a signal to increase the effective land supply over does not mean that the increase in total amount of land, but that this effective protection is to meet 70% of the housing, housing and small shed to change condominiums as a precondition . Therefore special emphasis in the new land use plan and land for affordable housing, and separate receiving them. But the affordable housing delivery and the market has little real estate transaction, especially the protection of the public rent-based, it does not reflect the price of transactions changes in house prices has little to do with the curb. If the land is the total zero-sum game, then when the safeguard of housing land as the cities and the increasing number and proportion, then the commodity housing can be divided into shares and the number will only The smaller the less, rather than an increase.
in principle, the total supply of land for housing products is lower than the average actual supply of the previous two years, it means that supply this year will be significantly lower than last year, but not to increase supply reduce the supply, because double-digit growth in 2009 was negative, although the total for 2010 to grow by 30%, but the average is only 2 years after the increase, not decrease. If the total amount of land not increase, then how is given a clear market expectations do?
since 2005, annual sales volume to the area beyond the completion of the number and length of from 1:1 to 1.73:1 last year. This shows that sales are far greater than the completion of the low supply the demand situation has not improved, but worsened. So why not increase the supply of land it? not increase the supply of land and how to improve the supply and demand do?
eighteen million acres of the red line is the constraint it? In fact, every year the total amount of farmland occupied land for real estate development accounted for only about 5% pure commercial residential about only about 1.5%. a lot of residential land use is not occupied by the goods. Last year, 2.7 trillion yuan of land transfer revenue from the development of purchased the land just less than 1 trillion yuan, 1.7 trillion yuan to sell the other land is not commercial. and developers to buy land in only 70% of residential land, which also includes about 20m30% of the security room, pure the proportion of commodity housing is even lower. So eighteen million acres of land prices and the red line has nothing to do, but only with the total amount of farmland occupied the land allocated to the proportion of housing-related goods, but the developers have for the eighteen million acres of red line back many years to bear the blame.
eighteen million mu of China's red line is really the threat? front of the field survey, the total amount of farmland is not reduced but increased, and more than 19 million mu, as water, construction of farm land into a farm for many, while the number of management methods can not solve the food security problems.
60 early, 6 billion people, only about half of the population now, while farmland is than it is now a lot more. but why do we have enough to eat it? available in only about 18 million mu 13m14 million hectares for food production, the other 4m5 mu does not produce food, why food can eat it more than 1.3 billion ? This is food prices, productivity, land system a series of problems, but is not directly related to urban residential land use issues.
residential building must be occupied by agricultural land? Beijing, Beijing, agricultural output accounted for only GDP 1% of the total, while agricultural subsidies in Beijing is much larger than the creation of GDP, is already proved that the asymmetry of input and output. And Beijing's non-agricultural land can be shallow mountain city construction land Switzerland almost no flat land, the house can not be built up in the mountains? Swiss agriculture can not exist? the total population of Beijing and Shanghai almost the same, but the land more nearly 1 million square kilometers, it really is a small lot? < br> from any comparison with developed countries are unable to find no land to build a house in the case, open the monopoly of land management and quantitative restrictions on the purchase of more than perhaps even more important to inhibit consumption.
root may to the State Department is in the last down to the local government market with the largest gains access to land greedy. , price competition > but and all the risk onto the developer of the market that the government wanted to obtain a point not to go without, leaving the only producer of the Road wealth high land prices and low prices in a sale, who can get this down artificially limit the access to housing assets equal to the interest in a redistribution of wealth. Because the price of secondary housing transactions will no doubt with the surrounding non- limit housing prices leveled to the outbreak of a windfall. This price is only for the first time to solve the stable market transaction price, but not for price and value symmetry, or the nominal price and actual prices artificially separated. It is a blessing market behavior, it is the laws of economics or a blessing that this is not to create a healthy market economy, but to destroy the free exchange market, the basis of equivalent exchange. to create a false market in housing to encourage and stimulate investment and speculation ; in the protection and creation of speculation and risk-free investment behavior.
1995 years of After such a violation is indeed legally binding document to the way again with the State Council, reiterated and penalties, are State Department documents approved by the NPC law more than the force of law? Do fifteen years to comply with the law and no person resolved to give up the laws against return to the State Department relies on non-legal rules to solve you?
doubt this is the State Council document on the National People's Congress approved a mockery of the law, the State Department can not modify any provision of the law and are violation of the law. I do not know what is the meaning of State Department documents, but I know not to deal with the land developer or buy businesses or individuals, but those who should manage land according to the law and did not manage land according to government agencies and law enforcement units. If this happens in a strict rule of law, the State Council's file does not become a joke and illegal? Hath file with the State Department to reaffirm the truth by law? State actually do not know who more than anyone else big? < br> Six, the purchase of a rational consumption? Yes, consumer demand has led to unreasonable prices too high? luxury high prices are due to irrational consumer demand led to price high? limit behavior of luxury goods consumption lead to lower prices of luxury goods do?
market has always been to regulate and guide the price consumer demand, low price is increased consumption, high prices are reducing consumption. This is the economics of the common sense, but it appears that the Government of China do everything possible with a variety of administrative measures to reduce housing prices, but also not allowed to increase in price reduces consumer demand for the practice of counter-laws of common sense, this not is not to understand? unless the government just want to prove even adopted a series of strict control measures, but the market still can not change the situation of serious shortage. but serious shortage in the supply do not increase it? do not increase supply prices do not rise up?
expanding the purchase of whether the city ultimately to spread to all of the city? if China wants to stop housing prices and urbanization process? whether to borrow the name of housing limited the flow of non-household population? Are house prices than the demand for residential housing to meet the more important to improve ? than the protection of citizens the power of movement is more important? social insurance contributions that the country can not flow it? a local tax certificate is not because the household can not enjoy the protection of low-cost housing, etc.? Why and security in the purchase of only the favor of the Government to take rather than policy differences between the interests of consumers do?
consumer demand is a reasonable rent to buy, from the old to the new, small to large exchange multiple delivery times, but the restriction of the second set of prohibitions and already cut the interest rate difference between the reasonable requirements of the path, to allow people the choice of only one step in the right place, no longer possible from the old to the new, small to large multiple purchases and consumption. but had to buy new buy big, or else I wonder how much it costs to pay more, do not even know whether the restrictions are not a replacement power. had as income growth may be changed every two to three years after the housing, but within five years tax provisions are people trading had scared hh
seen is precisely the irrational consumption caused by the regulation of the State Council document; exactly is changing every year of administrative measures; just is not stable market expectations of credit and tax policy, citizens will have to do not know doing time in advance, ahead of the consumer to make a timely choice, because of policy changes in order to avoid greater losses and burdens. The restriction not only can not lead a reasonable consumer, it will be considered a fraud, a species would have to pay the costs will be several major threat, the more limited the more you buy, the more limited set of over-consumption to buy more large, lead had a greater consumer demand is unreasonable.
if the city has different cycles announced the purchase of progressive order, bound to not meet the conditions of the family had to buy those that have not yet announced the purchase of a first cities to seize a location. This is precisely what part of the city last year that led to the purchase of capital flows, and this year is more cities had to the purchase of the results. is it still expanding with the purchase of this that allow these funds to the purchase of more non-urban mobility you?
prices which do not have the funds to manage Liquidity is a reason to give up the remainder of price regulation of the number of management will often be short term and long-term deterioration of the results. even a few months may be short-short to short-lived, or simply did not valid.
seven , expansion of the interviews accountability precisely that weaken the government's ability to govern. do not believe the local government capacity and the implementation of central directives Unfortunately, the evolution and expansion of executive power to the bank's policy, tax policy execution, the implementation of discipline management power, individual housing information system execution, so what does the central government is fully confident that the local government without accountability do interviews? to ask if a central government and local government interests with those of the policy, local The Government will use interviews and accountable manner to restrain it? to ask if a more favorable local government policies, local governments will not try to carry you hh
seems the central government responsibilities to local governments when , already know that this is an almost impossible goal, or a local government will be discounted by the passive policy. perhaps with the local government conflict of interest policy, in addition to interviews and ask the central government than has been responsible for the management of no other way to get out.
only use the official positions of their only picked this one weapon. Is this not a tragedy on the ability to govern.
year ; unsuccessful will pay the price responsible only to execute and complete? Do not accountable to the local government to refuse to work for the livelihood of the people do?
the smooth flow of the national decree opened from a bad head, interviews with the implementation of accountability has become the only means of protection decree , then it must be a problem with this policy or the state system do not change die.
Chinese history, there had been numerous votes on the veto power under, such as family planning, energy conservation and so on. Today, about On house prices and accountability will be virtually turned into the assessment of local officials a one-vote veto. but huge in China, different levels of economic development around the huge, huge differences in wealth and housing conditions, the average level of prices a huge difference, but also how to use a standard to determine the fate of local officials do?
eight, who controls the media tools? Who controls the media? Can not people have the ability to manufacture and distribute false information? and from the national conditions of rational consumption on the premise that people should be aware of conditions, but was controlled by mass media and the media and discussed the proper notice to the national publicity or news over the real situation and information? such as China's housing situation, the status of land China's income status, China's fiscal income status, status of China's fiscal expenditure, China's monetary policy, liquidity, etc. associated with the housing situation. China's tax revenue accounts for the proportion of house prices, land prices account for the proportion of ability of different regions can be paid more. If there is no basis to make people understand the situation, how come the starting point? at least a variety of questions from users in the vast majority of people can understand or can not be found simply can not understand the conditions many of the basic situation, even the specialized research institutions is very difficult to get the necessary data, how to understand what conditions? Chongqing and Shanghai from property taxes to spread the pilot announced that a formal trial the pilot spent about a year's time, the middle was the media that time imposed on many occasions, which can be considered manufacturing, spreading false information? then the market's forecast there be false and wrong information on you?