To China *** . But the foreigners to understand China know that China is rich products on the market, the price is low, no less than most Western countries. Today, the Chinese people across the threshold of the overall well-off, started off decent, dignified life.
Australia, . Japan's real sense of life and social change. international opinion noted that effective implementation of the CCP, also repeatedly by the Chinese common people to enjoy the numerous tangible benefits to the touch.
decades, the CPC through political reform, to bring democracy and the rule of law in China, which is China's social stability and healthy development of protection. understanding of public opinion, public opinion and represent the people, has long been the ruling philosophy of China ***. Just as the Russian wrote: change is to allow all citizens have a deep self-confidence and pride, confidence and pride that the Chinese nation has a strong vitality.
particularly in the ear. In questions of that era, Mr. Lu Xun, the Chinese people in general is undoubtedly a lack of confidence. Today, the work of a foreign company in Beijing, China, 26-year-old girl being AFP reporters Wen Daowei and He Jiaru China *** said: China's economy has been able to in the occasion of the global financial crisis still maintain a strong development capacity and potential, its inherent reason is that the Chinese self-confidence than before, and they were not intimidated by the financial crisis, but actively to the expansion of the national implementation to the operation of domestic demand, making the ship of the Chinese economy to be stable in the international financial turmoil ahead. This is the Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said: The financial crisis, confidence in the precious than gold.
Thursday, December 30, 2010
Wednesday, December 29, 2010
Hunter dogs
A dog to a rabbit out of the nest, has been after him, chasing a long time still not caught. Collie see such a scenario, mock dog said, . ... target ........< br> Second
words heard by hunters, hunters think: dogs are right ah, I want to get more prey, was to think of a positive solution. Thus, hunters and bought a few dogs, who can be caught in hunting rabbits, you can get a few bones, can not catch no food to eat. This move really useful for dogs who have to work hard chasing rabbits Because no one wants to see other people have bones to eat, not eating their own. so, after a period of time, the problem arose. big rabbit is very difficult to catch, good to catch a small rabbit. But the rewards are big rabbit caught and rabbit bones get caught similar observation that dogs are good at this trick, specifically to catch the little rabbit. slowly, we have found this trick. hunter hounds, said: Recently, the rabbit you catch getting smaller and smaller Why? hounds say: not much difference anyway, why charge such force it to catch those big?
........ power .......< br> c On reflection
hunter, decided not to share with whether the number of bones linked rabbit caught, but over time with each of the statistical time the total weight of dogs caught the rabbit. to evaluate the dogs according to weight, determine a time of treatment. So the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased. hunters very happy. but after a period of time, hunters found that the number of dogs and rabbits were caught less, and the more experienced dogs, catching decline in the number of rabbits more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. dog said, When you eat you will give us the bones? All dogs caught the rabbit number and weight, provides that if a rabbit caught more than a certain number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can get a certain number of bones. dogs are very happy, we are all striving to hunters to reach the required number. After some time, finally has some hound hunters reached the required number. At this time, including a hunting dog, said: We are so hard, only got a few bones, and we catch the game far more than this a few bones. Why can not we give their hunting rabbits?
words heard by hunters, hunters think: dogs are right ah, I want to get more prey, was to think of a positive solution. Thus, hunters and bought a few dogs, who can be caught in hunting rabbits, you can get a few bones, can not catch no food to eat. This move really useful for dogs who have to work hard chasing rabbits Because no one wants to see other people have bones to eat, not eating their own. so, after a period of time, the problem arose. big rabbit is very difficult to catch, good to catch a small rabbit. But the rewards are big rabbit caught and rabbit bones get caught similar observation that dogs are good at this trick, specifically to catch the little rabbit. slowly, we have found this trick. hunter hounds, said: Recently, the rabbit you catch getting smaller and smaller Why? hounds say: not much difference anyway, why charge such force it to catch those big?
........ power .......< br> c On reflection
hunter, decided not to share with whether the number of bones linked rabbit caught, but over time with each of the statistical time the total weight of dogs caught the rabbit. to evaluate the dogs according to weight, determine a time of treatment. So the number of dogs have caught the rabbit and the weight increased. hunters very happy. but after a period of time, hunters found that the number of dogs and rabbits were caught less, and the more experienced dogs, catching decline in the number of rabbits more interest. So they ask the dog hunters. dog said, When you eat you will give us the bones? All dogs caught the rabbit number and weight, provides that if a rabbit caught more than a certain number, even catching a rabbit, every meal can get a certain number of bones. dogs are very happy, we are all striving to hunters to reach the required number. After some time, finally has some hound hunters reached the required number. At this time, including a hunting dog, said: We are so hard, only got a few bones, and we catch the game far more than this a few bones. Why can not we give their hunting rabbits?
Tuesday, December 28, 2010
Watch the stock market on February 20
[2009-2-20 8:50:27]
1, the stock market to benefit the most extensive light industry, petrochemical revitalization plan released yesterday, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired a State Council executive meeting examined and approved in principle the adjustment of light industry and petrochemical industry revitalization plan , decided to further increase the long steel futures market has formally entered the countdown. China Securities Regulatory Commission has formally approved the Shanghai Futures Exchange to carry out wire and rebar. In all the preparations and procedures in place to perform is completed, the China Securities Regulatory Commission will soon approve of the listing of its futures contracts.
3, by the sharp fall in financial stocks, the Dow fell 89 points by the impact of financial stocks fell sharply on Thursday, the Dow broke through last November's low, closing the highest since October 9, 2002 has been lows by the close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 89.68 points to 7465.95 points, down 1.19%; Standard & Poor's 500 index fell 9.48 points to 778.94 points, or 1.20%; the Nasdaq composite index fell 25.15 points to 1442.82 points, down 1.71%. last week, crude stocks fell by 13.8 million barrels, while the market is expected to increase 320 million barrels, crude oil futures rose 5.1% to $ 35.40 a barrel. Gold futures fell 1.60 U.S. dollars, or 0.2%, to close at $ 976.10 an ounce.
[2009-2-20 8:51:01]
4, the Audit Commission: audit investigation of financial institutions will promote the healthy development of the stock market - for audit the end of 2008 the Department of Industrial and Commercial Bank, Bank of China and China Construction Bank shares in three state-owned commercial banks to investigate whether the audit will affect the performance of banks in the stock market problems, the Audit Commission Auditor General Liu Jiayi 19 at the State Council Information Office press conference, the audit After the performance of the three major banks in the stock market is actually for the better direction. - Liu Jiayi said the audit results, the three banks through the shareholding system reform, the internal mechanism has been innovation, management has been greatly improved , have been greatly enhanced profitability, asset quality has greatly improved. - Liu Jiayi said that the reason why some foreign holdings of banks are still holding some shares of joint-stock reform of banks because these banks are now holding their own experience more difficult, needs cash flow, cash holdings have. - these three big banks and other financial institutions audit and investigation, not only will not affect the stock market, but also promote their healthy development.
[2009 - 2-20 8:51:35]
7, Petrus Cheung: China still has room for interest rate cut yesterday, the Secretary of the People's Bank of China Zhang Jianhua attending the have cut space, but zero interest is not the best choice, because it would lead to Bank of China Deputy Governor Yi Gang attended the Beijing University organized an academic report, said that the current implementation of the zero interest rate for China is not the best choice. In this regard, Petrus Cheung pointed out that Excellent choice, that is one of the options, but certainly not the best. months after the comeback. another shot of UBS Securities, taking advantage of the occasion of a significant correction in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock index, the day swept through the 23 large blue chip trading platform, turnover reached 200 million yuan.
10, net capital yesterday outflow of 1.28 billion net capital outflow of 1.28 billion yesterday, a net inflow of capital larger segments: building materials (+7.2 million), Energy (+4.7 million), Instrumentation & Electronics Instrumentation (+3.2 million). net outflow of funds larger plate: non-ferrous metals (-10.1 billion), banks (-6.3 billion), steel (-3.1 billion)
[2009-2-20 9:03:41]
history of the greatest defensive back is the Battle of Red Cliff today launched a counter-attack three strong focus on tracking
1): Supor (002032)
19, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired a State Council executive meeting, the meeting decided to further expand the variety of subsidies for home appliances, the microwave oven, induction cooker types Products included in the scope of subsidies, and each type of product can only buy one per household limit raised to two.
2): Lingganggufen (600,231) and other steel
learned that the expected to be introduced this weekend.
3): Hill pushed shares: acquisition has been approved
Weichai Weichai Hill pushed shares acquisition has received the SAC agreed yesterday, in the form of state-owned equity transfer.
[ ,],[20 9:07:54]
news today focusing on 3
[2009-2-20 9:08:42]
message today focuses on 4
[2009-2-20 9:10 : 33]
session today, the exclusive research company reports will be sent (two) Please pay attention, prior to sending the two reports, the Oriental Pearl rose 15%, sending shares Lu Xiang, up 27% again today to send an exclusive research reports, Please pay attention to
[2009-2-20 9:15:16]
market yesterday, today, people seem to see the next star cross the slightest hope that, together with two industry revitalization plan promulgated by the state, rather then thrust means to do, but the breakdown of 7500 U.S. stocks, foreign stock market is not optimistic about the combination of all factors, we believe that the revitalization plan associated with the industry will be a great opportunity to stock performance, while the broader market impact is likely to open higher, but continued to drop out of the situation and the performance of individual stocks will remain much better than the broader market, the introduction of the oil recovery plan for the petrochemical planes have a stimulating effect, the broader market fell today was not much room, and the kinetic energy needed to do more disk observed
[2009-2-20 9: 17:24]
fear of investors worried that some banks nationalized by the federal government, the U.S. banking industry's credit default swaps (CDS) prices climbed to at least 3 months maximum.
high CDS Bank of America , up 33 basis points 245 basis points reported. Citigroup rose 65 basis points reported CDS 410 basis points, to 3 months high.
Mendon Capital Advisors Corp. Anton Schutz, president, said the market named Bank of America, Citigroup fear of bad government to take over, 19 the two banks in the Dow Jones Industrial Index declined the most.
Credit Derivatives Research LLC, said Tim Backshall, chief strategist: . .
Lam Research's chief global emerging markets strategist Michael Hartnett said securities.
Merrill Lynch's global survey interviewed 212 fund managers, their assets under management total 5,990 billion U.S. dollars. The survey was conducted between February 6-12. As for the participation the survey area there are 177 fund managers, managing a total of 3,720 one hundred million U.S. dollars of assets.
[2009-2-20 9:28:54]
today's sunny skies to bring a lot of stock market investors reverie.
last month I went to West Asia tour, photographed a group of unimaginable luxury hotel pictures. sun drying to shareholders friends to see, I hope you can go and see the stock make money.
Second Persian Gulf paradise Dubai the 14th has a new super Riverside Hotel Resort opened, of which the most expensive suites Sheng Hui twenty-five thousand U.S. dollars a night, there are three bedrooms and three bathrooms, and a gold meal for eighteen leaf table, extraordinary style.
[2009-2-20 9:38:43]
Gaokaidizou to fill a vacancy after the broader market is expected to rebound, petrochemical stocks today will support the broader market, then how, just left of the revitalization plan always use a little boost Moreover, the market itself, the petrochemical behind the broader market gains, but the broader market's rally today is not told that, while the stock will outperform the broader market, it is recommended to pick good stocks to focus on
[2009-2-20 9:39:54]
a number of sources on Thursday said China's top ten industries in the original revitalization plan new transport and logistics industry, aims to support the growing integration of transport and logistics industry. This plan, in addition to 11 industry The six have been introduced, the rest is expected to be held early next month before two full released.
sources said, as previously mentioned in addition to dozens of real estate industry, the basic industrial manufacturing, and the development of China's current circulation is still insufficient, and the economic impact of the industry growing, so the new increase in the transportation logistics industry revitalization plan.
one source said, the 11 industries covering the main areas of China to expand domestic demand hh this is an important part to boost the economy. the remaining 10 by the China National Development and Reform Commission. petrochemical industry and light industry revitalization plan expected soon be introduced.
[2009-2-20 9:43:40]
Please send research reports Long concerned about the net environmental support
:
1, full orders, expected 2009 revenue growth of 15% to 20%. desulfurization business pending the order of about 30 million, in 2009 executive order expected to be 16 million, compared to 2008 about 1.4 billion an increase of 15% (consolidated statements of about 18 million, primarily offset by the company), business orders ESP 2.4 billion in 2009, executive order expected to be 1.7 billion, compared with 1.4 billion in 2008 million an increase of approximately 20%. together estimated 2009 revenues increased 15% to 20%.
2, gross margin recovery in 2009 net profit increase will be higher than income growth. desulfurization business can be considered an asset-light business (there are 20 % to 30% of self-control, mainly electronic control), stable or slightly increase in gross margin; electrostatic precipitator design and manufacturing business integration costs of about 65% of raw materials, mostly steel, 2009 Executive Order is the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008 orders, the higher the contract price, gross margin is expected to be greatly improved, even by the most conservative estimates, the consolidated gross profit margin increased by two points (we estimate may be increased by 3 points), the net profit margin of 6% great for companies that increase (equivalent to net profit increased by 25% again!), corresponding to the 2009 EPS to 1.57 yuan.
3,2010 years after the company still expected to maintain sustained growth performance. hands of the orders can be guaranteed in 2009, steady growth in 2010, three growth: 1, small thermal power units overseas turnkey business in India, Indonesia and one each 50000, 6 million kilowatts of thermal power projects totaling 1.4 billion total package order is for, likelihood of success higher; 2, the desulfurization of stable BOT business profits, the company offers products from the desulfurization equipment operators into the role and enjoy the desulfurization tariff revenue, the expected 60 million per year project in Xinjiang -7000 million profit; 3, non-electrical market development. In particular, overseas business breakthrough will enable the company to open space for future growth, the new profit model - BOT will also have a greater contribution to earnings growth.
4,2008 on EPS was 1.04 yuan, the valuation has an advantage recommended to buy about 183 million yuan net profit of .2008, less minority interests of approximately 174 million dollars corresponding to EPS1.04; 2009 is expected to reach 1.50 yuan or more, corresponding to the current stock price valuation in 2009 was 13 times, consider Diluted EPS was 1.15 financing element, corresponding to 2009 valuation levels about 17 times. the company should not be simply regarded as the thermal power equipment sector, is still optimistic about future growth, short-term stimulus for the increase in the annual report and a quarterly advance,
market rumors, Long net environmental Feb. 24 will launch the annual report published 10 sent 10.
[2009-2-20 9:52:03]
[2009-2-20 9:56:09]
Although a night made two consecutive gold medals, could management want to take a good once the petrochemical and iron and steel, and the broader market Bu Zhiyu fall into the ditch to go, did not expect the intensity of the policy is far less than the loss of investors confidence is more important is that these In fact, the revitalization plan has been speculation in the market, the phenomenon does not exclude Jianguang Si occurs, the problem we have described in detail in the article.
[2009-2-20 9:57:36]
water and electricity prices lower than the price of long-term thermal power situation, there is expected to change.
2 19, National Development and Reform Commission deputy director of the National Energy Secretary Zhang in The price adjustment is brewing water policy.
straightened out, some less reasonable, low water prices have been adjusted. However, due to historical reasons, the phenomenon of water and electricity prices remained generally low.
a long time, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the tariff for hydropower, at cost plus a reasonable profit margin to be calculated. However, a large initial investment as there is water and electricity, post and low operating costs, leading to the State Development and Reform Commission set tariff for hydropower, thermal power compared to much lower. In recent years, this pricing strategy by the industry's critics.
[2009-2-20 10:07:28]
morning the stock remains more or less up the broader market as the first Shuisi bears, and today with ass needle a bit it a little bit action, but then still sleeping. stock gains and losses determined texture, recently I have repeatedly emphasized this point, now how your stocks, how to get the market outlook is the key. Some stocks rose a hundred per hundred, or even two hundred percent, you have to buy or still does not walk, do you want? think he was up three hundred percent? some friends bought a lot of stock, the shift, all wasted effort, this is not a party, not better.
[2009-2-20 10:10:01]
2 exclusive company research report please send attention to support regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta
development is the formation of the North wing of new growth poles. located in the northern tip of the Yangtze River Delta economic circle in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, has been in port facilities, industrial undertaking and the urban layout and the Shanghai and Yangtze River Delta, and many other cities to form an interactive pattern. Lianyungang City, responsible who said 18 in Shanghai, the Yangtze River Delta region not only to deepen the cooperation efforts, but also with the implementation of the Bohai Sea and other complementary regional economic exchanges.
held on 18 Investment Environment Promotion Conference of Lianyungang, Lianyungang City related official said, as the Yangtze River Delta region north wing city of Lianyungang in obvious advantages, Bohai Bay, north, east across the North-East Asia. At present the port matching, the Lianyungang and Shanghai has formed a strong partnership. last year the scale of the formation of Yiduntaigang Yangtze River Delta region of Lianyungang Port is an important hub port in the north wing, is the function of supporting the Hong Kong Shanghai and Yangtze River Delta region is an important raw material supply and product export to Hong Kong in Hong Kong.
regional infrastructure system, further supporting perfect, be regarded as the development of the Yangtze River Delta and deepening regional integration, an important feature. It is understood that the core of the Yangtze River Delta area north wing and regional integrated transport network density is increasing. has been included in the national railway's Eleventh Five-Year Construction Plan Shanghai Railway and even the salt through the Huai Upon completion, the Lianyungang and Shanghai distance of 400 kilometers, will greatly improve the conditions of the Yangtze River Delta north flank. waterway has been included in the national high-grade trunk line network construction even after the completion of application can be realized from Lianyungang Direct transport Haihe River in Shanghai.
active wing of the Yangtze River Delta north, in the region to undertake industry, integration and communication will promote a greater range. According to reports, the development of Lianyungang larger space, about its economic and technological development zones in northern 76 square kilometers of the port area infrastructure construction has been completed, the project settled in full with conditions. Lianyungang City undertake to create conditions in Shanghai and other cities within the region the transfer of industries, vigorously optimize the industrial structure has been formed to strengthen the new materials, new medicine, new energy and port industries and other aspects of economic advantages.
official said, according to Lianyungang, Lianyungang goal is to become China's coastal Qingdao and Shanghai has a large harbor between the cities, not only in the Yangtze River Delta Regional Development play a greater role, but also north-south, communication thing, Yangtze River Delta and promote regional economic complementarities and other exchanges.
[2009-2-20 10:11:14]
[2009-2 -20 10:14:32]
I. 0809 sugarcane crop area
0809 total cultivated area of sugarcane crop 1574 hectares, an increase of 56 million mu, an increase of 3.7%.
Second, the cut-off 2 production and marketing of Guangxi, 10 January deadline February 10
Guangxi region into the virgin Yuan Liaozhe total 37.66 million tons, 4.41 million tons of sugar, both an increase of 4% and 0.68% lower, the average yield of 11.71% mixed , total 1.83 million tons of sugar sales, production and marketing rate of 40.88%, the average price of 2960 yuan tax tonnes, down 595 yuan over the same period last year, tons.
III, 0809 crop is expected to 7.6 million tons of sugar production in Guangxi Region
Sugar Association believes that: 0809 crop cut is a foregone conclusion in Guangxi is expected to the end of March, the region has 60 sugar mills will be closed pressing, pressing time of year received 1 month in advance, the region is expected to produce 7.6 million tons of sugar, less increase 19%.
four, Guangxi Sugar Association has launched the next crop of sugarcane purchase price of the research work
Guangxi Sugar Association has launched the next crop of sugarcane purchase price of the research work towards the introduction of the next crop of sugarcane before the start of the acquisition prices, the lever of production through the price. from the research point of view, sugar cane cultivation is expected in 2009 will have a certain level of reduction.
[2009-2-20 10:22:56]
down I have mentioned earlier , the market will not be much downside now rebounded, although the intensity is not great, but at least at this location will be repeated shocks, or the broader market, rising gradually increasing the number of homes, investors also need some restoration of confidence, index shares action being small, the rally is still oversold bounce based. If you want this round of market operation, or need short-term oriented, control positions and, of course, the stock is a top priority
[2009-2 - 20 10:25:59]
2 19, the water pollution control technology major projects (the water project) implementation of the official launch will be held in Beijing.
learned that the special is also the founding of new China investment the largest water pollution control projects with a total budget of 300 billion fund.
water special is the China aims to control water pollution control and provide strong scientific support.
same time, the major projects in China will also implement the China should achieve in 2010 the total discharge of major pollutants by 10% over 2005, the binding targets; currently the main pollutant, from water's chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur dioxide in the air pose.
[2009-2-20 10:30:44]
[2009-2-20 10:31:42]
Lantern Festival, the strong recovery in the heavy truck market, the main manufacturers have increased sales, China's heavy truck orders increased the most significant.
from a structural point of view, the construction market demand as the goal of the dump truck was the most eye-catching, China and other major manufacturers of heavy truck-related car orders accounted for more than two-thirds.
In recent days, China's heavy truck (A shares) on orders for 600-800 units, expected February sales expected to surpass 7000, three times for the January, slightly higher than the same period in 2008. from the current order situation, in March is expected to more than 1 million units.
February and March was essentially flat with 2008, a quarter of the total number is slightly lower, is also expected to maintain the level of expected profits, expected first quarter EPS is expected to reach 0.4 million, compared to 2008 full year earnings are expected to The growth in the near future we will increase the company's profit forecast.
Foton orders are to return to the level of 200 units daily, Shaanxi Auto, Dongfeng and other orders have also been restored.
We believe that the first half of 2009 over the base high, industry sales growth will remain negative. but with the improved macroeconomic situation and the base pressure drops, there was positive growth in the second half, dump trucks and high-end car market share increased significantly, the Chinese heavy truck and other companies significant benefits. < br> 2009-2-20 10:51:14]
[2009-2-20 10:54:18]
broader market rally but the infinite super-large cap indifferent, or sit on the sidelines, so frustrating is energetically tape , rising stock dazzling, just do not have a force plate, are dancing their own dance, skirmishers are everywhere, but no one carried the flag. Therefore, the important stock shares important, the market does not crash as long as on to the stock's showtime, the broader market as the Rockets Alston sold --- not the mind. So Tell me what they put up, or the broader market, looking for good stocks to buy ahead of time, control positions, no longer tired state < br> [2009-2-20 11:05:29]
market hunters once again China's stock market news UBS, China purchased a large blue-chip, while UBS report said, optimistic about China's stock market, especially the A shares and H shares for the price difference, so they think there is great hope for China's stock market rose. see reminds me of the time in 1600, UBS was the first big push into China's stock market, the result was later announced that four trillion investment plan, stock rose, so that UBS had a really big end of copy. Today's UBS will re yesterday's story? we look, and then how to say, but they also come in less than 4 million, to count the number of funds? So We'd better cool down and do their own stock, QFII this money to buy the dips slowly go the main
[2009-2-20 11:19:35]
explore the unimaginable luxury hotels (six )
[2009-2-20 10:54:18]
broader market rally but the infinite super-large cap indifferent, or sit on the sidelines, so the tape is to toss vigorously, rising stock dazzling, but just do not force a the plate, are their own dance dance, skirmishers are everywhere, but no one carried the flag. Therefore, the important stock shares important, the market does not crash as long as, on to the stock's showtime, as the broader market sell Alston, the Rockets --- not the mind. So Tell me what they put up, or the broader market, looking for good stocks to buy ahead of time, control positions, no longer tired state
[2009-2-20 11:05: 29]
market hunters once again China's stock market news UBS, China purchased a large blue-chip, while UBS report said, optimistic about China's stock market, particularly A shares and H shares for the price difference, so they believe that China stock market There are great hopes up. see reminds me of the time in 1600, UBS was the first big push into China's stock market, the result was later announced that four trillion investment plan, the stock rose, so that really copied a large UBS at the end. Today's UBS will re yesterday's story? we look, and then how to say, but they also come in less than 4 million, to count the number of funds? so we still cool calm and do their own stock, QFII This rich hunters go to the main slowly
[2009-2-20 11:19:35]
explore unimaginable luxury hotels (f)
[2009-2-20 11: 29:28]
early trading stock tips, Hill pushed shares remained strong, ignore the broader market ups and downs, the current rose 8.6%
[2009-2-20 11:33:13]
morning broader market once again support efforts to test 2200, with the introduction of the industry to stimulate the revitalization plan, while UBS re-entry to the market of the confidence, the market rebounded in early trading before the close, yesterday's high of 2250 points is still a breakthrough. from the recent trend of our judgments is still the rally, no signs of reversal appears, therefore, also focus on short-term stock-operation within a week operation. from the morning to see the disk, heavyweight is still not much action, petrochemicals, real estate, iron and steel are mediocre Only financial stocks slightly late action, but the magnitude is not great, so the sustainability of the afternoon rally, or to see Awkwardness and large cap fund performance
2009-2-20 13:06:05]
substantial adjustment before the two-day swept the 23 heavyweight UBS may imply that investors should not br> But I am afraid it is true UBS are not a final say. So we can only repeat again and again: shares for the best, the best policy! : 42]
opening wave of the callback is normal, the intensity is not great, large-cap stocks the action so small, the market is normal for a slight concussion, the overall desire to see the broader market today, or would like to gradually rebound to recover lost ground, from the issued more than one consecutive night, the revitalization plans, we can see, yesterday's high of 2250 to be a psychological pressure, yesterday was defeated with this, midday today, will remain short-term turbulence
[2009-2-20 13 : 14:43]
explore the unimaginable luxury hotels (g)
[2009-2-20 13:19:14]
What is a many of my friends do not know in advance what the specific content of hair. According to the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Policy, from February 1st until the end of January 2013, farmers in the designated distribution companies to purchase specific brands and models of color TV sets, refrigerators (freezers), mobile phones, washing machines, etc., prices can be 13% of financial subsidies. This is an important farmer-friendly policy, but also stimulating rural consumption market, peasant brothers on the the countryside Taking into account the initial market drop may not have under the conditions of the line, indicating the market weakened in the rebound, wait and see mood gradually spread, also shows that the mentality of agencies were hesitant approach, for two days before the broader market fell but also a lingering fear that today shrinkage that still need further follow-up policies to stimulate the sustained stock market rally around the same to maintain. If there is no opportunity for continued funding of the approach, followed by a rebound in the broader market may be terminated, and in the rebound in the playground is hot money, float caps more than 10 million shares to short does not participate in the basic
[2009-2-20 13:25:48]
recent market rumors that: Pudong Jinqiao 300% annual earnings growth over the recent proposed injection of assets. (The above message is Accordingly unconfirmed market rumors operating your own risk)
[2009-2-20 13:35:11]
Recently a larger shopping malls everywhere, hit the door to buy a brand appliances, and government subsidies 13 % of the slogan. I also felt very strange at first, there is such a good thing. taking a step forward to understand just found out that the economic crisis in the country in order to stimulate domestic demand to help companies to reduce as a way of layoffs. Why can not independent self-help enterprises, and even Haier even to such a world-class enterprises also depend on a country to relief.
do, risk-resisting ability of Chinese enterprises really so bad, only one o'clock, to help countries to rely on sign of trouble. In fact, I do not think so, only But now the economic crisis or incipient stage, has not fully erupted, and slowly as the difference between international trade, the increase of import transactions, the Chinese enterprises, especially the export sector enterprises will face even greater crisis. pull this country hundreds of billions of funds are also not solve the real problem. Just think, these so-called leading enterprises in various industries in China, why do before risk to have an effective defense, and as long as the crisis is not in the firm encountered. The key reason is the traditional Chinese ; false, big and empty Enterprise lost in the stock market has become a tool for misappropriating no intention of operating companies.
2009-2-20 13:42:58]
explore unimaginable luxury hotels (eight)
[2009 - 2-20 13:44:25]
author analyzed before the repurchase of B shares of Changan Automobile event, it should be said that under the fan or the effort to analyze. Chang'an repurchase B shares for the event should be said that how to solve the edge Problems of the proposal provides a good, B shares affected gradually pick up, a good recent gains, particularly associated with the A shares B shares.
[2009-2-20 13:44:27]
recent market rumors: ST building near stardom, the next renamed as the steel trade. (The above information is unconfirmed market rumors whereby operation at your own risk)
[2009-2-20 13:50:55]
tape although the performance in general, but the stocks start to rise significantly, the current home prices far higher than the number of losers, the market is expected to continue upward, and today is still the desire to test the next 2250 points. How the stock in your hands? If you the stock rose only two points of a point, or even decline, then increase speed of your stock seems to slow the point, this ...
1, the stock market to benefit the most extensive light industry, petrochemical revitalization plan released yesterday, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired a State Council executive meeting examined and approved in principle the adjustment of light industry and petrochemical industry revitalization plan , decided to further increase the long steel futures market has formally entered the countdown. China Securities Regulatory Commission has formally approved the Shanghai Futures Exchange to carry out wire and rebar. In all the preparations and procedures in place to perform is completed, the China Securities Regulatory Commission will soon approve of the listing of its futures contracts.
3, by the sharp fall in financial stocks, the Dow fell 89 points by the impact of financial stocks fell sharply on Thursday, the Dow broke through last November's low, closing the highest since October 9, 2002 has been lows by the close, the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 89.68 points to 7465.95 points, down 1.19%; Standard & Poor's 500 index fell 9.48 points to 778.94 points, or 1.20%; the Nasdaq composite index fell 25.15 points to 1442.82 points, down 1.71%. last week, crude stocks fell by 13.8 million barrels, while the market is expected to increase 320 million barrels, crude oil futures rose 5.1% to $ 35.40 a barrel. Gold futures fell 1.60 U.S. dollars, or 0.2%, to close at $ 976.10 an ounce.
[2009-2-20 8:51:01]
4, the Audit Commission: audit investigation of financial institutions will promote the healthy development of the stock market - for audit the end of 2008 the Department of Industrial and Commercial Bank, Bank of China and China Construction Bank shares in three state-owned commercial banks to investigate whether the audit will affect the performance of banks in the stock market problems, the Audit Commission Auditor General Liu Jiayi 19 at the State Council Information Office press conference, the audit After the performance of the three major banks in the stock market is actually for the better direction. - Liu Jiayi said the audit results, the three banks through the shareholding system reform, the internal mechanism has been innovation, management has been greatly improved , have been greatly enhanced profitability, asset quality has greatly improved. - Liu Jiayi said that the reason why some foreign holdings of banks are still holding some shares of joint-stock reform of banks because these banks are now holding their own experience more difficult, needs cash flow, cash holdings have. - these three big banks and other financial institutions audit and investigation, not only will not affect the stock market, but also promote their healthy development.
[2009 - 2-20 8:51:35]
7, Petrus Cheung: China still has room for interest rate cut yesterday, the Secretary of the People's Bank of China Zhang Jianhua attending the have cut space, but zero interest is not the best choice, because it would lead to Bank of China Deputy Governor Yi Gang attended the Beijing University organized an academic report, said that the current implementation of the zero interest rate for China is not the best choice. In this regard, Petrus Cheung pointed out that Excellent choice, that is one of the options, but certainly not the best. months after the comeback. another shot of UBS Securities, taking advantage of the occasion of a significant correction in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock index, the day swept through the 23 large blue chip trading platform, turnover reached 200 million yuan.
10, net capital yesterday outflow of 1.28 billion net capital outflow of 1.28 billion yesterday, a net inflow of capital larger segments: building materials (+7.2 million), Energy (+4.7 million), Instrumentation & Electronics Instrumentation (+3.2 million). net outflow of funds larger plate: non-ferrous metals (-10.1 billion), banks (-6.3 billion), steel (-3.1 billion)
[2009-2-20 9:03:41]
history of the greatest defensive back is the Battle of Red Cliff today launched a counter-attack three strong focus on tracking
1): Supor (002032)
19, Premier Wen Jiabao chaired a State Council executive meeting, the meeting decided to further expand the variety of subsidies for home appliances, the microwave oven, induction cooker types Products included in the scope of subsidies, and each type of product can only buy one per household limit raised to two.
2): Lingganggufen (600,231) and other steel
learned that the expected to be introduced this weekend.
3): Hill pushed shares: acquisition has been approved
Weichai Weichai Hill pushed shares acquisition has received the SAC agreed yesterday, in the form of state-owned equity transfer.
[ ,],[20 9:07:54]
news today focusing on 3
[2009-2-20 9:08:42]
message today focuses on 4
[2009-2-20 9:10 : 33]
session today, the exclusive research company reports will be sent (two) Please pay attention, prior to sending the two reports, the Oriental Pearl rose 15%, sending shares Lu Xiang, up 27% again today to send an exclusive research reports, Please pay attention to
[2009-2-20 9:15:16]
market yesterday, today, people seem to see the next star cross the slightest hope that, together with two industry revitalization plan promulgated by the state, rather then thrust means to do, but the breakdown of 7500 U.S. stocks, foreign stock market is not optimistic about the combination of all factors, we believe that the revitalization plan associated with the industry will be a great opportunity to stock performance, while the broader market impact is likely to open higher, but continued to drop out of the situation and the performance of individual stocks will remain much better than the broader market, the introduction of the oil recovery plan for the petrochemical planes have a stimulating effect, the broader market fell today was not much room, and the kinetic energy needed to do more disk observed
[2009-2-20 9: 17:24]
fear of investors worried that some banks nationalized by the federal government, the U.S. banking industry's credit default swaps (CDS) prices climbed to at least 3 months maximum.
high CDS Bank of America , up 33 basis points 245 basis points reported. Citigroup rose 65 basis points reported CDS 410 basis points, to 3 months high.
Mendon Capital Advisors Corp. Anton Schutz, president, said the market named Bank of America, Citigroup fear of bad government to take over, 19 the two banks in the Dow Jones Industrial Index declined the most.
Credit Derivatives Research LLC, said Tim Backshall, chief strategist: . .
Lam Research's chief global emerging markets strategist Michael Hartnett said securities.
Merrill Lynch's global survey interviewed 212 fund managers, their assets under management total 5,990 billion U.S. dollars. The survey was conducted between February 6-12. As for the participation the survey area there are 177 fund managers, managing a total of 3,720 one hundred million U.S. dollars of assets.
[2009-2-20 9:28:54]
today's sunny skies to bring a lot of stock market investors reverie.
last month I went to West Asia tour, photographed a group of unimaginable luxury hotel pictures. sun drying to shareholders friends to see, I hope you can go and see the stock make money.
Second Persian Gulf paradise Dubai the 14th has a new super Riverside Hotel Resort opened, of which the most expensive suites Sheng Hui twenty-five thousand U.S. dollars a night, there are three bedrooms and three bathrooms, and a gold meal for eighteen leaf table, extraordinary style.
[2009-2-20 9:38:43]
Gaokaidizou to fill a vacancy after the broader market is expected to rebound, petrochemical stocks today will support the broader market, then how, just left of the revitalization plan always use a little boost Moreover, the market itself, the petrochemical behind the broader market gains, but the broader market's rally today is not told that, while the stock will outperform the broader market, it is recommended to pick good stocks to focus on
[2009-2-20 9:39:54]
a number of sources on Thursday said China's top ten industries in the original revitalization plan new transport and logistics industry, aims to support the growing integration of transport and logistics industry. This plan, in addition to 11 industry The six have been introduced, the rest is expected to be held early next month before two full released.
sources said, as previously mentioned in addition to dozens of real estate industry, the basic industrial manufacturing, and the development of China's current circulation is still insufficient, and the economic impact of the industry growing, so the new increase in the transportation logistics industry revitalization plan.
one source said, the 11 industries covering the main areas of China to expand domestic demand hh this is an important part to boost the economy. the remaining 10 by the China National Development and Reform Commission. petrochemical industry and light industry revitalization plan expected soon be introduced.
[2009-2-20 9:43:40]
Please send research reports Long concerned about the net environmental support
:
1, full orders, expected 2009 revenue growth of 15% to 20%. desulfurization business pending the order of about 30 million, in 2009 executive order expected to be 16 million, compared to 2008 about 1.4 billion an increase of 15% (consolidated statements of about 18 million, primarily offset by the company), business orders ESP 2.4 billion in 2009, executive order expected to be 1.7 billion, compared with 1.4 billion in 2008 million an increase of approximately 20%. together estimated 2009 revenues increased 15% to 20%.
2, gross margin recovery in 2009 net profit increase will be higher than income growth. desulfurization business can be considered an asset-light business (there are 20 % to 30% of self-control, mainly electronic control), stable or slightly increase in gross margin; electrostatic precipitator design and manufacturing business integration costs of about 65% of raw materials, mostly steel, 2009 Executive Order is the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008 orders, the higher the contract price, gross margin is expected to be greatly improved, even by the most conservative estimates, the consolidated gross profit margin increased by two points (we estimate may be increased by 3 points), the net profit margin of 6% great for companies that increase (equivalent to net profit increased by 25% again!), corresponding to the 2009 EPS to 1.57 yuan.
3,2010 years after the company still expected to maintain sustained growth performance. hands of the orders can be guaranteed in 2009, steady growth in 2010, three growth: 1, small thermal power units overseas turnkey business in India, Indonesia and one each 50000, 6 million kilowatts of thermal power projects totaling 1.4 billion total package order is for, likelihood of success higher; 2, the desulfurization of stable BOT business profits, the company offers products from the desulfurization equipment operators into the role and enjoy the desulfurization tariff revenue, the expected 60 million per year project in Xinjiang -7000 million profit; 3, non-electrical market development. In particular, overseas business breakthrough will enable the company to open space for future growth, the new profit model - BOT will also have a greater contribution to earnings growth.
4,2008 on EPS was 1.04 yuan, the valuation has an advantage recommended to buy about 183 million yuan net profit of .2008, less minority interests of approximately 174 million dollars corresponding to EPS1.04; 2009 is expected to reach 1.50 yuan or more, corresponding to the current stock price valuation in 2009 was 13 times, consider Diluted EPS was 1.15 financing element, corresponding to 2009 valuation levels about 17 times. the company should not be simply regarded as the thermal power equipment sector, is still optimistic about future growth, short-term stimulus for the increase in the annual report and a quarterly advance,
market rumors, Long net environmental Feb. 24 will launch the annual report published 10 sent 10.
[2009-2-20 9:52:03]
[2009-2-20 9:56:09]
Although a night made two consecutive gold medals, could management want to take a good once the petrochemical and iron and steel, and the broader market Bu Zhiyu fall into the ditch to go, did not expect the intensity of the policy is far less than the loss of investors confidence is more important is that these In fact, the revitalization plan has been speculation in the market, the phenomenon does not exclude Jianguang Si occurs, the problem we have described in detail in the article.
[2009-2-20 9:57:36]
water and electricity prices lower than the price of long-term thermal power situation, there is expected to change.
2 19, National Development and Reform Commission deputy director of the National Energy Secretary Zhang in The price adjustment is brewing water policy.
straightened out, some less reasonable, low water prices have been adjusted. However, due to historical reasons, the phenomenon of water and electricity prices remained generally low.
a long time, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the tariff for hydropower, at cost plus a reasonable profit margin to be calculated. However, a large initial investment as there is water and electricity, post and low operating costs, leading to the State Development and Reform Commission set tariff for hydropower, thermal power compared to much lower. In recent years, this pricing strategy by the industry's critics.
[2009-2-20 10:07:28]
morning the stock remains more or less up the broader market as the first Shuisi bears, and today with ass needle a bit it a little bit action, but then still sleeping. stock gains and losses determined texture, recently I have repeatedly emphasized this point, now how your stocks, how to get the market outlook is the key. Some stocks rose a hundred per hundred, or even two hundred percent, you have to buy or still does not walk, do you want? think he was up three hundred percent? some friends bought a lot of stock, the shift, all wasted effort, this is not a party, not better.
[2009-2-20 10:10:01]
2 exclusive company research report please send attention to support regional integration in the Yangtze River Delta
development is the formation of the North wing of new growth poles. located in the northern tip of the Yangtze River Delta economic circle in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, has been in port facilities, industrial undertaking and the urban layout and the Shanghai and Yangtze River Delta, and many other cities to form an interactive pattern. Lianyungang City, responsible who said 18 in Shanghai, the Yangtze River Delta region not only to deepen the cooperation efforts, but also with the implementation of the Bohai Sea and other complementary regional economic exchanges.
held on 18 Investment Environment Promotion Conference of Lianyungang, Lianyungang City related official said, as the Yangtze River Delta region north wing city of Lianyungang in obvious advantages, Bohai Bay, north, east across the North-East Asia. At present the port matching, the Lianyungang and Shanghai has formed a strong partnership. last year the scale of the formation of Yiduntaigang Yangtze River Delta region of Lianyungang Port is an important hub port in the north wing, is the function of supporting the Hong Kong Shanghai and Yangtze River Delta region is an important raw material supply and product export to Hong Kong in Hong Kong.
regional infrastructure system, further supporting perfect, be regarded as the development of the Yangtze River Delta and deepening regional integration, an important feature. It is understood that the core of the Yangtze River Delta area north wing and regional integrated transport network density is increasing. has been included in the national railway's Eleventh Five-Year Construction Plan Shanghai Railway and even the salt through the Huai Upon completion, the Lianyungang and Shanghai distance of 400 kilometers, will greatly improve the conditions of the Yangtze River Delta north flank. waterway has been included in the national high-grade trunk line network construction even after the completion of application can be realized from Lianyungang Direct transport Haihe River in Shanghai.
active wing of the Yangtze River Delta north, in the region to undertake industry, integration and communication will promote a greater range. According to reports, the development of Lianyungang larger space, about its economic and technological development zones in northern 76 square kilometers of the port area infrastructure construction has been completed, the project settled in full with conditions. Lianyungang City undertake to create conditions in Shanghai and other cities within the region the transfer of industries, vigorously optimize the industrial structure has been formed to strengthen the new materials, new medicine, new energy and port industries and other aspects of economic advantages.
official said, according to Lianyungang, Lianyungang goal is to become China's coastal Qingdao and Shanghai has a large harbor between the cities, not only in the Yangtze River Delta Regional Development play a greater role, but also north-south, communication thing, Yangtze River Delta and promote regional economic complementarities and other exchanges.
[2009-2-20 10:11:14]
[2009-2 -20 10:14:32]
I. 0809 sugarcane crop area
0809 total cultivated area of sugarcane crop 1574 hectares, an increase of 56 million mu, an increase of 3.7%.
Second, the cut-off 2 production and marketing of Guangxi, 10 January deadline February 10
Guangxi region into the virgin Yuan Liaozhe total 37.66 million tons, 4.41 million tons of sugar, both an increase of 4% and 0.68% lower, the average yield of 11.71% mixed , total 1.83 million tons of sugar sales, production and marketing rate of 40.88%, the average price of 2960 yuan tax tonnes, down 595 yuan over the same period last year, tons.
III, 0809 crop is expected to 7.6 million tons of sugar production in Guangxi Region
Sugar Association believes that: 0809 crop cut is a foregone conclusion in Guangxi is expected to the end of March, the region has 60 sugar mills will be closed pressing, pressing time of year received 1 month in advance, the region is expected to produce 7.6 million tons of sugar, less increase 19%.
four, Guangxi Sugar Association has launched the next crop of sugarcane purchase price of the research work
Guangxi Sugar Association has launched the next crop of sugarcane purchase price of the research work towards the introduction of the next crop of sugarcane before the start of the acquisition prices, the lever of production through the price. from the research point of view, sugar cane cultivation is expected in 2009 will have a certain level of reduction.
[2009-2-20 10:22:56]
down I have mentioned earlier , the market will not be much downside now rebounded, although the intensity is not great, but at least at this location will be repeated shocks, or the broader market, rising gradually increasing the number of homes, investors also need some restoration of confidence, index shares action being small, the rally is still oversold bounce based. If you want this round of market operation, or need short-term oriented, control positions and, of course, the stock is a top priority
[2009-2 - 20 10:25:59]
2 19, the water pollution control technology major projects (the water project) implementation of the official launch will be held in Beijing.
learned that the special is also the founding of new China investment the largest water pollution control projects with a total budget of 300 billion fund.
water special is the China aims to control water pollution control and provide strong scientific support.
same time, the major projects in China will also implement the China should achieve in 2010 the total discharge of major pollutants by 10% over 2005, the binding targets; currently the main pollutant, from water's chemical oxygen demand (COD) and sulfur dioxide in the air pose.
[2009-2-20 10:30:44]
[2009-2-20 10:31:42]
Lantern Festival, the strong recovery in the heavy truck market, the main manufacturers have increased sales, China's heavy truck orders increased the most significant.
from a structural point of view, the construction market demand as the goal of the dump truck was the most eye-catching, China and other major manufacturers of heavy truck-related car orders accounted for more than two-thirds.
In recent days, China's heavy truck (A shares) on orders for 600-800 units, expected February sales expected to surpass 7000, three times for the January, slightly higher than the same period in 2008. from the current order situation, in March is expected to more than 1 million units.
February and March was essentially flat with 2008, a quarter of the total number is slightly lower, is also expected to maintain the level of expected profits, expected first quarter EPS is expected to reach 0.4 million, compared to 2008 full year earnings are expected to The growth in the near future we will increase the company's profit forecast.
Foton orders are to return to the level of 200 units daily, Shaanxi Auto, Dongfeng and other orders have also been restored.
We believe that the first half of 2009 over the base high, industry sales growth will remain negative. but with the improved macroeconomic situation and the base pressure drops, there was positive growth in the second half, dump trucks and high-end car market share increased significantly, the Chinese heavy truck and other companies significant benefits. < br> 2009-2-20 10:51:14]
[2009-2-20 10:54:18]
broader market rally but the infinite super-large cap indifferent, or sit on the sidelines, so frustrating is energetically tape , rising stock dazzling, just do not have a force plate, are dancing their own dance, skirmishers are everywhere, but no one carried the flag. Therefore, the important stock shares important, the market does not crash as long as on to the stock's showtime, the broader market as the Rockets Alston sold --- not the mind. So Tell me what they put up, or the broader market, looking for good stocks to buy ahead of time, control positions, no longer tired state < br> [2009-2-20 11:05:29]
market hunters once again China's stock market news UBS, China purchased a large blue-chip, while UBS report said, optimistic about China's stock market, especially the A shares and H shares for the price difference, so they think there is great hope for China's stock market rose. see reminds me of the time in 1600, UBS was the first big push into China's stock market, the result was later announced that four trillion investment plan, stock rose, so that UBS had a really big end of copy. Today's UBS will re yesterday's story? we look, and then how to say, but they also come in less than 4 million, to count the number of funds? So We'd better cool down and do their own stock, QFII this money to buy the dips slowly go the main
[2009-2-20 11:19:35]
explore the unimaginable luxury hotels (six )
[2009-2-20 10:54:18]
broader market rally but the infinite super-large cap indifferent, or sit on the sidelines, so the tape is to toss vigorously, rising stock dazzling, but just do not force a the plate, are their own dance dance, skirmishers are everywhere, but no one carried the flag. Therefore, the important stock shares important, the market does not crash as long as, on to the stock's showtime, as the broader market sell Alston, the Rockets --- not the mind. So Tell me what they put up, or the broader market, looking for good stocks to buy ahead of time, control positions, no longer tired state
[2009-2-20 11:05: 29]
market hunters once again China's stock market news UBS, China purchased a large blue-chip, while UBS report said, optimistic about China's stock market, particularly A shares and H shares for the price difference, so they believe that China stock market There are great hopes up. see reminds me of the time in 1600, UBS was the first big push into China's stock market, the result was later announced that four trillion investment plan, the stock rose, so that really copied a large UBS at the end. Today's UBS will re yesterday's story? we look, and then how to say, but they also come in less than 4 million, to count the number of funds? so we still cool calm and do their own stock, QFII This rich hunters go to the main slowly
[2009-2-20 11:19:35]
explore unimaginable luxury hotels (f)
[2009-2-20 11: 29:28]
early trading stock tips, Hill pushed shares remained strong, ignore the broader market ups and downs, the current rose 8.6%
[2009-2-20 11:33:13]
morning broader market once again support efforts to test 2200, with the introduction of the industry to stimulate the revitalization plan, while UBS re-entry to the market of the confidence, the market rebounded in early trading before the close, yesterday's high of 2250 points is still a breakthrough. from the recent trend of our judgments is still the rally, no signs of reversal appears, therefore, also focus on short-term stock-operation within a week operation. from the morning to see the disk, heavyweight is still not much action, petrochemicals, real estate, iron and steel are mediocre Only financial stocks slightly late action, but the magnitude is not great, so the sustainability of the afternoon rally, or to see Awkwardness and large cap fund performance
2009-2-20 13:06:05]
substantial adjustment before the two-day swept the 23 heavyweight UBS may imply that investors should not br> But I am afraid it is true UBS are not a final say. So we can only repeat again and again: shares for the best, the best policy! : 42]
opening wave of the callback is normal, the intensity is not great, large-cap stocks the action so small, the market is normal for a slight concussion, the overall desire to see the broader market today, or would like to gradually rebound to recover lost ground, from the issued more than one consecutive night, the revitalization plans, we can see, yesterday's high of 2250 to be a psychological pressure, yesterday was defeated with this, midday today, will remain short-term turbulence
[2009-2-20 13 : 14:43]
explore the unimaginable luxury hotels (g)
[2009-2-20 13:19:14]
What is a many of my friends do not know in advance what the specific content of hair. According to the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Policy, from February 1st until the end of January 2013, farmers in the designated distribution companies to purchase specific brands and models of color TV sets, refrigerators (freezers), mobile phones, washing machines, etc., prices can be 13% of financial subsidies. This is an important farmer-friendly policy, but also stimulating rural consumption market, peasant brothers on the the countryside Taking into account the initial market drop may not have under the conditions of the line, indicating the market weakened in the rebound, wait and see mood gradually spread, also shows that the mentality of agencies were hesitant approach, for two days before the broader market fell but also a lingering fear that today shrinkage that still need further follow-up policies to stimulate the sustained stock market rally around the same to maintain. If there is no opportunity for continued funding of the approach, followed by a rebound in the broader market may be terminated, and in the rebound in the playground is hot money, float caps more than 10 million shares to short does not participate in the basic
[2009-2-20 13:25:48]
recent market rumors that: Pudong Jinqiao 300% annual earnings growth over the recent proposed injection of assets. (The above message is Accordingly unconfirmed market rumors operating your own risk)
[2009-2-20 13:35:11]
Recently a larger shopping malls everywhere, hit the door to buy a brand appliances, and government subsidies 13 % of the slogan. I also felt very strange at first, there is such a good thing. taking a step forward to understand just found out that the economic crisis in the country in order to stimulate domestic demand to help companies to reduce as a way of layoffs. Why can not independent self-help enterprises, and even Haier even to such a world-class enterprises also depend on a country to relief.
do, risk-resisting ability of Chinese enterprises really so bad, only one o'clock, to help countries to rely on sign of trouble. In fact, I do not think so, only But now the economic crisis or incipient stage, has not fully erupted, and slowly as the difference between international trade, the increase of import transactions, the Chinese enterprises, especially the export sector enterprises will face even greater crisis. pull this country hundreds of billions of funds are also not solve the real problem. Just think, these so-called leading enterprises in various industries in China, why do before risk to have an effective defense, and as long as the crisis is not in the firm encountered. The key reason is the traditional Chinese ; false, big and empty Enterprise lost in the stock market has become a tool for misappropriating no intention of operating companies.
2009-2-20 13:42:58]
explore unimaginable luxury hotels (eight)
[2009 - 2-20 13:44:25]
author analyzed before the repurchase of B shares of Changan Automobile event, it should be said that under the fan or the effort to analyze. Chang'an repurchase B shares for the event should be said that how to solve the edge Problems of the proposal provides a good, B shares affected gradually pick up, a good recent gains, particularly associated with the A shares B shares.
[2009-2-20 13:44:27]
recent market rumors: ST building near stardom, the next renamed as the steel trade. (The above information is unconfirmed market rumors whereby operation at your own risk)
[2009-2-20 13:50:55]
tape although the performance in general, but the stocks start to rise significantly, the current home prices far higher than the number of losers, the market is expected to continue upward, and today is still the desire to test the next 2250 points. How the stock in your hands? If you the stock rose only two points of a point, or even decline, then increase speed of your stock seems to slow the point, this ...
Monday, December 27, 2010
Furong Wang Hongwen corruption culprit Gang of Four State Big Secret (Photos)
Wang Hongwen as the successor to the treatment immediately, built a new luxury villa. also set up a huge team work and services, has with four secretaries, as well as specialized health doctors and nurses .8341 troops sent security personnel, a security, even when they go out to send the Central Guard Bureau a chief to follow. Wang Hongwen the heads of state in Shanghai to accompany a play badminton on the addiction, Beijing has specifically set up a badminton hall hh
Ke Yunlu m m
selected for inclusion in essence asking for the moon: Mao Zedong's a row of seats around, walked with his strong appreciation of the body.
saying goes, joined the army, but also on the Korean War, the Korean War back in the mix at the Shanghai plant for years, but a small staff of the security officers. Now, he has become Shanghai's largest rebel organization, ; the commander in chief, commanded hundreds of thousands of rebel troops. its great, this finding is from the inside to the outside of the re-discovery. He found himself growing very tall, handsome, wide shoulders, very well-proportioned body, face correct, the workers leader instruments, there is the commander in chief looks. past dressed pieces of cotton in the country seventh Houmian coat factory narrow space mess and turn, he seems never to have been straight and stand up straight, riding straight and has never been better. He is always difficult in the cold and steam obscure sub-factories shuffling, others see his face, he could not see his face. Huimao when he like a dog, not a serious look. Now he is walking in the pool wearing slippers, I feel themselves out of a wave of momentum. That is the thrust of the entire body up and down in straight sets, each step is regarded knee playing handsome straight drive, but also every step of the chest muscles are shaking, shaking the drops of water body momentum. He has a strong standard of medical men.
pool stood a few white round table, dozens of white wooden chairs, he was seated. The place he had never heard of, but never came, That was the original Shanghai party secretary and mayor have enjoyed, and is the head of the Central High live in Shanghai, recreation places. Now they took away the right to seize all a matter of course. He led a group of rebels today, little brother here to celebrate the recently acquired power, he did not dizzy coast. When they decided to place this high-level meeting here today, he is wrapped in a gray-blue as usual, the old cotton coat, he was not surrounded by his little brother, as seen big mouth had been around to look around, he did not so much curiosity, not so much surprised, not yesterday, today there is. He openly told the stride to the management here, as if he has always been frequented by big chief.
six months ago, he crouched in a corner of the textile workshop, and some of the most busy people are saying, then, like a hun shi's sharper. Today, in his reclining wooden chair, elbows on the armrest , fist propped cheek, look into a well-thought political strategy on the commander in chief role. looked at the small group of brothers crunching frolic in the pool, he revealed a trace of irony leaders tolerant smile. The twenty people tend not to swim, standing pool of shallow water, in the chest, laughing while rubbing away the water bath. the swimming pool no other person, arched roof like the sky large hall, bright lights shining sides of the open swimming pool venue, but also according to half of the calm water swimming pool. two or three attendants at the door know what standing quietly, waiting for their call.
He opened the bag on the side, from the inside out a few of the Building Dreams, a set of comic books, a look at the books, seems to realize some truth to. He is a smart, smart people do not need to read more books. to hear a few words will be able to know about. at least he knows the history of the famous Bang and Xiang Yu is not educated, no culture is to govern the world. he knows there is a Tang poem's final sentence: it. Zhang Chunqiao told him that Lenin said, class, came to power. This is the dictatorship of the proletariat, the key is organization.
group gang to climb up. their lives two Rehmannia learned style, waved to the waiter stood to take over the towel. one person a towel, shop in the same boat as the curvature of curved chair, then sat down by the water dripping. then comic look at the hands of Wang Hongwen, talking about the words of jokes. Some call him Wang Hongwen, and some call him Hung Wen, some jokingly called him the king commander in chief, and some call him Commander. Some said: ; Revolution, you still have time to read comic books? advocates to see. His reading of the atmosphere. Some people twisted seven feet of water dripping eight inclined to put his arm round table on Wang Hongwen hobble around seven or eight feet wet leg of a table. Wang Hongwen a glance, a few pick up the table The attendants are cold with humble and eyeing their side these brothers, but they have a picture of the tripod to the table, said a number of vulgar jokes to each other. A young man is a thin white body tire factory rebel leader , Rocker legs too high, accidentally turned the chair to sit, water dripping to hit the floor. a burst of laughter and the busy divvying up the noisy chaos, attracted the attention of several waitresses exchange, showing a trace of irony in the smile. Wang Hongwen it all to see in the eyes, but the playfulness around these brothers do not complain. He let these people tell jokes playing downtown, but also allow them to constantly and his jokes. hang around for many years in the factory, so that He knows how to be a labor leader. You have to love them soak in the brethren, you have to get used to them tease you, or anger does not get mad. all the more you tease, the more that you have cohesion. you do not hit downtown, have to hear other people's slapstick the next. You do not say nonsense, yet they used to listen to other people's crap. you do not drink, have to get used to them around you drunk. you do not talk nonsense, have to get used to them in the your side nonsense. You do not fool around, have to get used to them recklessly. you have to soak in these people, you want all your people are willing to bubble, so that they leave you to hang around for a dull, bubble have not God, hang around too boring, hot day and you think, you are likely to be their leader was.
usually let them soak you to the critical moment, you must send the order issuing the order, which would severely harsh, the Shuoyibuer will Shuoyibuer. this six-month rebellion revolution, in particular, realized that he had to become leaders of the workers, the first to be brave, audacious, dare say, the first lamps to the world; second, resourceful, failing to get get ideas; The third line is true to its word and action must, says it will do, not empty promises; the fourth is a children through thick and thin.
bubble today, that is, the meaning through thick and thin.
he looked at page after page with relish, words. Some people say: have said: a page book: consolation consolation brothers belly. looked at him: , sausage, egg, beef jerky, braised pork and bread and other food on the table filled with both. a group of people dressed in bathing trunks naked upper body on the back to open the wine, raise the cup rattled touch up. Wang Hongwen took Block bread with the sausage, put his feet comfortably on an empty chair, eat while read comic books. it repeatedly to propose a toast, he said: children who drank the side asked: said, the Huangpu River at night but also to see a few terminals, are not allowed to drink today. Dream of Red Mansions act according to what he meant little, he stomp your feet, shaking three Huangpu can shake beach. He occasionally looked a little about the immediate lifting eyes to eat and drink anything they want people like clink, though he said nothing here, but he is their center is the backbone of this group. if he got up and left, these people eat and drink the momentum will immediately fall off. think of their own heads now sitting in the central place of leisure, in charge of half the power of the Greater Shanghai, he can not do not think the mystery here.
in front of these people have and their equal, but what happened in one day and they made him into the relationship between leadership and the led, it finally became of him the whole of China Wang Hongwen figure.
concentrated in the capital of the Red Guard headquarters in Shanghai the third rendezvous, held in Shanghai factory will exchange experience in series. At this meeting, decided to set up the city of Shanghai workers rebel organization, initially proposed the name . Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters. the election will lead. Wang Hongwen has a suggestion: We all do a self-introduction, tell me the family background, political affiliation, position in the unit, so to facilitate the election. are non-party members, ordinary workers. and Wang Hongwen is poor and lower self-reported background, demobilized soldiers, the political landscape of party members, cadres and security section of job functions. which makes him at the meeting received a significant advantage. a result, he not only entered the Shanghai Workers Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters of the core group, also became a commander in chief.
it is only seventeen units 造反派头头 not purged to participate in a meeting entirely by several Beijing Red Guards planning series up. was to put the mess in the house will be open, and he did not expect the developments would be so significant. Over the years he was only based on a repeated melody in action, that is, to try every means in politics gain a little more opportunity to speak and performance. In the series at that day, he instinctively want to expose themselves as much as possible to our surprise, two months later, he actually became of the situation in Shanghai and China figure. if that day he did not get the message, not to attend this meeting, there will be all day. their very operation.
>>> ;
Seven eight red and green meal to eat and drink over the pool. in a cup messy, someone asked: : Wang Danfeng starring film star had made him obsessed with endless, when the screen a The racket, the left hand holding the right elbow, right hand cupping her chin, stared at Wang Danfeng played nurse.'s image on the screen so that he had many dreams now, when the brilliant achievements made, the look is not that high dream of climbing there is a new vision. around people smoking, talking, yawning, in the sleepy, walk around in and out. He has been stared at. When it was over, the theater in the soft After the lights up, a group of two or three people in addition to Wang Hongwen has persisted with the view down, others are scattered in every corner at the Hulu Lu brought the tipsy feeling some sleep, and some words in the smoke. Wang Hongwen still Satisfy motionless, his chin staring sadly the screen. After a while, someone asked: a. awakened from a dreamless sleepy eyes, shook themselves off to follow the spirit.
few more cars, the small Jeep Chiguo Shanghai high-speed streets, tall buildings on both sides of the same as passing the cliff, spinning, a section of road in dim light was cut with these vehicles, split with, no more than a minute on to the pier. a lighted boat waves of the Huangpu River were slightly bumped. they got boats, speed boats fired searchlights started running, and soon came to Huangpu the river. winter is very cold on the Huangpu River, Wang Hongwen stands at the bow, do not want the next cabin. He looked at the bow facing the biting wind as the split of the white horses, like bird wings and flew back. size of bank terminals and high-rise buildings lined Thick venues tend to have the lights dotted the sky school of cool. Wang Hongwen asked: ; Wang Hongwen not spoke. Shanghai, entrenched in many places. Many plant shutdown; ports, terminals, railway stations, there are many places paralyzed; running water, electricity, steel mills, shipyards, production and order in jeopardy. to control the whole situation in Shanghai, there are many tough fight. This evening, Shanghai Workers Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters to mobilize twenty million horses, dozens of conservative forces at the same time bound for the black base. daybreak will also take action, where the conservative forces to defeat, in one fell swoop wins over the leadership to restore traffic order, where the production.
Wang Hongwen full of such action on the command of the fighting mood. If more than ten years ago on the battlefield in this war as an ordinary soldier he did not feel the fun of any war, Today, as commander in chief, he would appreciate the fun of the war. War is the commander of the fun fun fun, not soldiers. This is his only today to understand. This evening, he will inspect the water and land combat situation, he wants to use the method to solve the problem storm. proletarian dictatorship of the proletariat organized as ruling class. When the boat split shot with searchlights cleaving the darkness, he felt out of his own forces and momentum. He even felt This searchlight was his bayonet tore the old order.
next to someone reporting to him: Chongming Island on the Yangtze River that is one of Shanghai's suburbs, also known as Chongming County, where there are tens of thousands of farm workers. next to the others said: back to Shanghai, where no one, go and people to solve anything, helped farm the land? Others stay in Shanghai did not go, ask them to join also, their policies and strong. the circumstances are clear, and we decide countermeasures. There are other questions? the man replied.
Wang Hongwen looked an instant, from the hands of a person is smoking took half of the cigarettes smoked, the two fierce slap to his mouth, and then squint at the front of the dark, said: ; Shanghai issues to be resolved one by one, must take all the powers are taken away from him. Lotus Country >>> excellent sale
① all the various social strata of the many scenes and characters in the history reveals all sorts of personality and psychology. This is the first description of the whole process of the Cultural Revolution, panoramic novel; is also a movement on the Red Guards to make a profound reflection of the novel. species and the language he used to tell a very different story of Wonderful. This is a boy and a woman's story. little boy Mao brother from the first grade to sixth grade age and younger female teachers Prynne three shared a room; In the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution era, this big boy and after a variety of life and death among women apart. novel its peculiar power wake-up young men for their own ignorance, deep memory, and stirred the deep emotional response is difficult to suppress. little boy It is in a woman's life and Simo grew up. This rare text to reveal the true and delicate boy love and ignorance of mental period.
merciless criticism of history, compassion for human suffering, of love the bit to see blood in the description that touches your soul, making this novel into a truly noble work.
③ offer is made sacrifices his own life. The writing of a story during the Cultural Revolution. hero makes sacrifices for the freedom of thought, there are various associations of the history; and sacrifice for love, the heroine experiences makes this book the most one of the touching love story.
a girl struggled out from the bottom of society, the pursuit of heavenly love her, but it is taking the road to hell, the book of her mental processes in order to keep the long stretches of fine lens record down; it reveals a profound psychological meaning, probably will make all the girls and mature women to re-experience their own fifteen-year-old from a psychological love begins.
novel interpretation of the typical cases of women the secret personal growth trajectory.
④ br> 一号 figures in the ten years of chaos in Liu Guanglong win power, dominate the world, will build its own independent Montenegro, the Kingdom of Fort. He will all the power and the woman at Fort as spoils of war, Machiavellian, and playing a woman reached the limit, and were recorded with a secret sign His conquest of political and women. Finally loner, together with the destruction of the kingdom of Montenegro Fort debris in a disaster.
This is a powerful work, the characters, on the national character and history have shown a strong penetration. Britannica language cleanly, also showed great penetration. book unique structure, by the Readers interested may Readings.
⑤ go. Zhouhan Chen was sent to the teacher on the island, said to be He's buried in the rubble pile up the tomb of a high-Ji Zhang.
years after his death, Zhouhan Chen has been a memorial to all students. When the investigation team investigating the truth after all these years, all parties statements contradict each other, to make things complicated and confusing. This multi-perspective novel is implicitly expressed the complexity of human nature; shows how people under the slogan of justice to implement the brutal persecution of others; memory of how history; and
Ke Yunlu m m
selected for inclusion in essence asking for the moon: Mao Zedong's a row of seats around, walked with his strong appreciation of the body.
saying goes, joined the army, but also on the Korean War, the Korean War back in the mix at the Shanghai plant for years, but a small staff of the security officers. Now, he has become Shanghai's largest rebel organization, ; the commander in chief, commanded hundreds of thousands of rebel troops. its great, this finding is from the inside to the outside of the re-discovery. He found himself growing very tall, handsome, wide shoulders, very well-proportioned body, face correct, the workers leader instruments, there is the commander in chief looks. past dressed pieces of cotton in the country seventh Houmian coat factory narrow space mess and turn, he seems never to have been straight and stand up straight, riding straight and has never been better. He is always difficult in the cold and steam obscure sub-factories shuffling, others see his face, he could not see his face. Huimao when he like a dog, not a serious look. Now he is walking in the pool wearing slippers, I feel themselves out of a wave of momentum. That is the thrust of the entire body up and down in straight sets, each step is regarded knee playing handsome straight drive, but also every step of the chest muscles are shaking, shaking the drops of water body momentum. He has a strong standard of medical men.
pool stood a few white round table, dozens of white wooden chairs, he was seated. The place he had never heard of, but never came, That was the original Shanghai party secretary and mayor have enjoyed, and is the head of the Central High live in Shanghai, recreation places. Now they took away the right to seize all a matter of course. He led a group of rebels today, little brother here to celebrate the recently acquired power, he did not dizzy coast. When they decided to place this high-level meeting here today, he is wrapped in a gray-blue as usual, the old cotton coat, he was not surrounded by his little brother, as seen big mouth had been around to look around, he did not so much curiosity, not so much surprised, not yesterday, today there is. He openly told the stride to the management here, as if he has always been frequented by big chief.
six months ago, he crouched in a corner of the textile workshop, and some of the most busy people are saying, then, like a hun shi's sharper. Today, in his reclining wooden chair, elbows on the armrest , fist propped cheek, look into a well-thought political strategy on the commander in chief role. looked at the small group of brothers crunching frolic in the pool, he revealed a trace of irony leaders tolerant smile. The twenty people tend not to swim, standing pool of shallow water, in the chest, laughing while rubbing away the water bath. the swimming pool no other person, arched roof like the sky large hall, bright lights shining sides of the open swimming pool venue, but also according to half of the calm water swimming pool. two or three attendants at the door know what standing quietly, waiting for their call.
He opened the bag on the side, from the inside out a few of the Building Dreams, a set of comic books, a look at the books, seems to realize some truth to. He is a smart, smart people do not need to read more books. to hear a few words will be able to know about. at least he knows the history of the famous Bang and Xiang Yu is not educated, no culture is to govern the world. he knows there is a Tang poem's final sentence: it. Zhang Chunqiao told him that Lenin said, class, came to power. This is the dictatorship of the proletariat, the key is organization.
group gang to climb up. their lives two Rehmannia learned style, waved to the waiter stood to take over the towel. one person a towel, shop in the same boat as the curvature of curved chair, then sat down by the water dripping. then comic look at the hands of Wang Hongwen, talking about the words of jokes. Some call him Wang Hongwen, and some call him Hung Wen, some jokingly called him the king commander in chief, and some call him Commander. Some said: ; Revolution, you still have time to read comic books? advocates to see. His reading of the atmosphere. Some people twisted seven feet of water dripping eight inclined to put his arm round table on Wang Hongwen hobble around seven or eight feet wet leg of a table. Wang Hongwen a glance, a few pick up the table The attendants are cold with humble and eyeing their side these brothers, but they have a picture of the tripod to the table, said a number of vulgar jokes to each other. A young man is a thin white body tire factory rebel leader , Rocker legs too high, accidentally turned the chair to sit, water dripping to hit the floor. a burst of laughter and the busy divvying up the noisy chaos, attracted the attention of several waitresses exchange, showing a trace of irony in the smile. Wang Hongwen it all to see in the eyes, but the playfulness around these brothers do not complain. He let these people tell jokes playing downtown, but also allow them to constantly and his jokes. hang around for many years in the factory, so that He knows how to be a labor leader. You have to love them soak in the brethren, you have to get used to them tease you, or anger does not get mad. all the more you tease, the more that you have cohesion. you do not hit downtown, have to hear other people's slapstick the next. You do not say nonsense, yet they used to listen to other people's crap. you do not drink, have to get used to them around you drunk. you do not talk nonsense, have to get used to them in the your side nonsense. You do not fool around, have to get used to them recklessly. you have to soak in these people, you want all your people are willing to bubble, so that they leave you to hang around for a dull, bubble have not God, hang around too boring, hot day and you think, you are likely to be their leader was.
usually let them soak you to the critical moment, you must send the order issuing the order, which would severely harsh, the Shuoyibuer will Shuoyibuer. this six-month rebellion revolution, in particular, realized that he had to become leaders of the workers, the first to be brave, audacious, dare say, the first lamps to the world; second, resourceful, failing to get get ideas; The third line is true to its word and action must, says it will do, not empty promises; the fourth is a children through thick and thin.
bubble today, that is, the meaning through thick and thin.
he looked at page after page with relish, words. Some people say: have said: a page book: consolation consolation brothers belly. looked at him: , sausage, egg, beef jerky, braised pork and bread and other food on the table filled with both. a group of people dressed in bathing trunks naked upper body on the back to open the wine, raise the cup rattled touch up. Wang Hongwen took Block bread with the sausage, put his feet comfortably on an empty chair, eat while read comic books. it repeatedly to propose a toast, he said: children who drank the side asked: said, the Huangpu River at night but also to see a few terminals, are not allowed to drink today. Dream of Red Mansions act according to what he meant little, he stomp your feet, shaking three Huangpu can shake beach. He occasionally looked a little about the immediate lifting eyes to eat and drink anything they want people like clink, though he said nothing here, but he is their center is the backbone of this group. if he got up and left, these people eat and drink the momentum will immediately fall off. think of their own heads now sitting in the central place of leisure, in charge of half the power of the Greater Shanghai, he can not do not think the mystery here.
in front of these people have and their equal, but what happened in one day and they made him into the relationship between leadership and the led, it finally became of him the whole of China Wang Hongwen figure.
concentrated in the capital of the Red Guard headquarters in Shanghai the third rendezvous, held in Shanghai factory will exchange experience in series. At this meeting, decided to set up the city of Shanghai workers rebel organization, initially proposed the name . Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters. the election will lead. Wang Hongwen has a suggestion: We all do a self-introduction, tell me the family background, political affiliation, position in the unit, so to facilitate the election. are non-party members, ordinary workers. and Wang Hongwen is poor and lower self-reported background, demobilized soldiers, the political landscape of party members, cadres and security section of job functions. which makes him at the meeting received a significant advantage. a result, he not only entered the Shanghai Workers Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters of the core group, also became a commander in chief.
it is only seventeen units 造反派头头 not purged to participate in a meeting entirely by several Beijing Red Guards planning series up. was to put the mess in the house will be open, and he did not expect the developments would be so significant. Over the years he was only based on a repeated melody in action, that is, to try every means in politics gain a little more opportunity to speak and performance. In the series at that day, he instinctively want to expose themselves as much as possible to our surprise, two months later, he actually became of the situation in Shanghai and China figure. if that day he did not get the message, not to attend this meeting, there will be all day. their very operation.
>>> ;
Seven eight red and green meal to eat and drink over the pool. in a cup messy, someone asked: : Wang Danfeng starring film star had made him obsessed with endless, when the screen a The racket, the left hand holding the right elbow, right hand cupping her chin, stared at Wang Danfeng played nurse.'s image on the screen so that he had many dreams now, when the brilliant achievements made, the look is not that high dream of climbing there is a new vision. around people smoking, talking, yawning, in the sleepy, walk around in and out. He has been stared at. When it was over, the theater in the soft After the lights up, a group of two or three people in addition to Wang Hongwen has persisted with the view down, others are scattered in every corner at the Hulu Lu brought the tipsy feeling some sleep, and some words in the smoke. Wang Hongwen still Satisfy motionless, his chin staring sadly the screen. After a while, someone asked: a. awakened from a dreamless sleepy eyes, shook themselves off to follow the spirit.
few more cars, the small Jeep Chiguo Shanghai high-speed streets, tall buildings on both sides of the same as passing the cliff, spinning, a section of road in dim light was cut with these vehicles, split with, no more than a minute on to the pier. a lighted boat waves of the Huangpu River were slightly bumped. they got boats, speed boats fired searchlights started running, and soon came to Huangpu the river. winter is very cold on the Huangpu River, Wang Hongwen stands at the bow, do not want the next cabin. He looked at the bow facing the biting wind as the split of the white horses, like bird wings and flew back. size of bank terminals and high-rise buildings lined Thick venues tend to have the lights dotted the sky school of cool. Wang Hongwen asked: ; Wang Hongwen not spoke. Shanghai, entrenched in many places. Many plant shutdown; ports, terminals, railway stations, there are many places paralyzed; running water, electricity, steel mills, shipyards, production and order in jeopardy. to control the whole situation in Shanghai, there are many tough fight. This evening, Shanghai Workers Revolutionary Rebel General Headquarters to mobilize twenty million horses, dozens of conservative forces at the same time bound for the black base. daybreak will also take action, where the conservative forces to defeat, in one fell swoop wins over the leadership to restore traffic order, where the production.
Wang Hongwen full of such action on the command of the fighting mood. If more than ten years ago on the battlefield in this war as an ordinary soldier he did not feel the fun of any war, Today, as commander in chief, he would appreciate the fun of the war. War is the commander of the fun fun fun, not soldiers. This is his only today to understand. This evening, he will inspect the water and land combat situation, he wants to use the method to solve the problem storm. proletarian dictatorship of the proletariat organized as ruling class. When the boat split shot with searchlights cleaving the darkness, he felt out of his own forces and momentum. He even felt This searchlight was his bayonet tore the old order.
next to someone reporting to him: Chongming Island on the Yangtze River that is one of Shanghai's suburbs, also known as Chongming County, where there are tens of thousands of farm workers. next to the others said: back to Shanghai, where no one, go and people to solve anything, helped farm the land? Others stay in Shanghai did not go, ask them to join also, their policies and strong. the circumstances are clear, and we decide countermeasures. There are other questions? the man replied.
Wang Hongwen looked an instant, from the hands of a person is smoking took half of the cigarettes smoked, the two fierce slap to his mouth, and then squint at the front of the dark, said: ; Shanghai issues to be resolved one by one, must take all the powers are taken away from him. Lotus Country >>> excellent sale
① all the various social strata of the many scenes and characters in the history reveals all sorts of personality and psychology. This is the first description of the whole process of the Cultural Revolution, panoramic novel; is also a movement on the Red Guards to make a profound reflection of the novel. species and the language he used to tell a very different story of Wonderful. This is a boy and a woman's story. little boy Mao brother from the first grade to sixth grade age and younger female teachers Prynne three shared a room; In the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution era, this big boy and after a variety of life and death among women apart. novel its peculiar power wake-up young men for their own ignorance, deep memory, and stirred the deep emotional response is difficult to suppress. little boy It is in a woman's life and Simo grew up. This rare text to reveal the true and delicate boy love and ignorance of mental period.
merciless criticism of history, compassion for human suffering, of love the bit to see blood in the description that touches your soul, making this novel into a truly noble work.
③ offer is made sacrifices his own life. The writing of a story during the Cultural Revolution. hero makes sacrifices for the freedom of thought, there are various associations of the history; and sacrifice for love, the heroine experiences makes this book the most one of the touching love story.
a girl struggled out from the bottom of society, the pursuit of heavenly love her, but it is taking the road to hell, the book of her mental processes in order to keep the long stretches of fine lens record down; it reveals a profound psychological meaning, probably will make all the girls and mature women to re-experience their own fifteen-year-old from a psychological love begins.
novel interpretation of the typical cases of women the secret personal growth trajectory.
④ br> 一号 figures in the ten years of chaos in Liu Guanglong win power, dominate the world, will build its own independent Montenegro, the Kingdom of Fort. He will all the power and the woman at Fort as spoils of war, Machiavellian, and playing a woman reached the limit, and were recorded with a secret sign His conquest of political and women. Finally loner, together with the destruction of the kingdom of Montenegro Fort debris in a disaster.
This is a powerful work, the characters, on the national character and history have shown a strong penetration. Britannica language cleanly, also showed great penetration. book unique structure, by the Readers interested may Readings.
⑤ go. Zhouhan Chen was sent to the teacher on the island, said to be He's buried in the rubble pile up the tomb of a high-Ji Zhang.
years after his death, Zhouhan Chen has been a memorial to all students. When the investigation team investigating the truth after all these years, all parties statements contradict each other, to make things complicated and confusing. This multi-perspective novel is implicitly expressed the complexity of human nature; shows how people under the slogan of justice to implement the brutal persecution of others; memory of how history; and
Sunday, December 26, 2010
decided today to immi
Decided today to immi
take a long time, and today finally decided to immi. For the following considerations:
First, Immi faster we can leave, which is the most important. QIAN intention of leaving the city has been a long time, We isolated in this pollution is to leave the city reached a non-urgent. my home on the seventh, to the first night in a city filled with the smell of sulfur smoke , we often do not see the movie for this small city in in the complaint. narrow circle full of blind arrogance and vulgar boring people, from the noble and wonderful life and at all far away. leave that out, that is life. the way out, Immi much faster than Kaoyan more.
Secondly, the next step of going on, Immi better meet our life planning, with the next generation of people around there, we plan to meet the arrival of a baby. If the study section, but also have several years of struggle in order to stabilize, if Immi, Australia, welfare and fresh air, it should be what the next few years our best.
again, speaking from a career development, cross-cultural life and work experience, international background also the exchange of at least raise the level of English, are rare in our life of wealth and experience. including me are engaged in the accounting profession, if I have a CPA qualification, then the direction of further efforts may be the international accounting certificate and cross- the work of cultural background, and the Immi further efforts to provide me the external environment.
Also, Australia's per capita resources are far greater than domestic, when you see the endless sea and the Shanghai Metro hurried footsteps, you will For a land area equivalent to that of the Chinese territory and population is only about an urban population of China, Australia, for people who live in what it means. There are benefits insurance, my wife and I jokingly say, mom is only the rural household, in life and life endless generations of farming on the land does not have any life assurance and pension security, if in a few years after he moved to Australia to save the one I want to buy her the insurance.
posted on 2006-05-22 19:04 aleedaily
take a long time, and today finally decided to immi. For the following considerations:
First, Immi faster we can leave, which is the most important. QIAN intention of leaving the city has been a long time, We isolated in this pollution is to leave the city reached a non-urgent. my home on the seventh, to the first night in a city filled with the smell of sulfur smoke , we often do not see the movie for this small city in in the complaint. narrow circle full of blind arrogance and vulgar boring people, from the noble and wonderful life and at all far away. leave that out, that is life. the way out, Immi much faster than Kaoyan more.
Secondly, the next step of going on, Immi better meet our life planning, with the next generation of people around there, we plan to meet the arrival of a baby. If the study section, but also have several years of struggle in order to stabilize, if Immi, Australia, welfare and fresh air, it should be what the next few years our best.
again, speaking from a career development, cross-cultural life and work experience, international background also the exchange of at least raise the level of English, are rare in our life of wealth and experience. including me are engaged in the accounting profession, if I have a CPA qualification, then the direction of further efforts may be the international accounting certificate and cross- the work of cultural background, and the Immi further efforts to provide me the external environment.
Also, Australia's per capita resources are far greater than domestic, when you see the endless sea and the Shanghai Metro hurried footsteps, you will For a land area equivalent to that of the Chinese territory and population is only about an urban population of China, Australia, for people who live in what it means. There are benefits insurance, my wife and I jokingly say, mom is only the rural household, in life and life endless generations of farming on the land does not have any life assurance and pension security, if in a few years after he moved to Australia to save the one I want to buy her the insurance.
posted on 2006-05-22 19:04 aleedaily
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
League questions
First, the multiple-choice questions:
1, the right youth movement in China (A) is the same below the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party People's closely integrated with the sacrifice for our motherland youth.
A policy direction
2 B. Route C. . the flag of the Chinese youth movement is (B).
A. internationalism
B. patriotism
C. Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought
3, Comrade Jiang Zemin at the commemoration of the Communist Youth League pointed out the Eightieth Anniversary of the establishment: the contemporary youth movement (C) is to build China into a prosperous, democratic and civilized socialist country and achieve the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation.
A. Subject C. theme
task B. 4. Comrade Jiang Zemin put forward, always represent the development requirements of China's productive forces, the progressive course of China's advanced culture, China's most fundamental interests of the majority of the people is the foundation of the Communist Party of China, ruling (B).
A victory source of strength and the source of B. C. source of development
5, China's Communist Party of China Communist Youth League is a youth-led advanced (A) is the majority of young people to learn the practice of communism in the schools, is the assistant to the Chinese Communist Party and reserve force.
A, mass organizations B, mass organizations C, team-governmental organizations
6, (A) on May 4, Beijing, the outbreak of the May Fourth patriotic movement.
A, 1919 B, 1921 C , 1922
7. (C) on May 5 to 10 in Guangzhou, the Chinese Socialist Youth League held its first National Congress.
A, 1919 B, 1921 C, 1922
8. the history of the Communist Youth League, through the (B) plays renamed.
A, one B, the second C, third
9.1925 in Shanghai in January of the Chinese Socialist Youth League held its third National Congress of the decision to: (A) renamed the Chinese Communist Youth League.
A, the Chinese Socialist Youth League
B, the Chinese Communist Youth League
C, Chinese Youth Communist Party
10. be regarded as China's Society published (A)
A, Man of water were C, Yan'an in May were
13,1948, in the liberation battle Longhua, Hebei, (A) decided to hold up his explosives as the stent pull the fuse burning.
A, Huang Jiguang B, Dong Cunrui C, Luo Shengjiao
14, from Comrade Lei Feng's hometown (C)
A, Hunan Anren B, Hunan Liuyang C, Hunan Wangcheng
15, Zhang Haidi after the reform and opening A typical country, (B) made a special inscription: 16,1996, the CYL Central Committee, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Labor grant (B) comrades as br> A, Heidi Zhang B, Hua Jiang C, Li Suli
17. smashing of the institutions of higher learning to start enrolling new students through a unified examination.
A, 1976 In the fall of
B, 1977 to end-early 1978
C, 1978 fall of
18. (A) is the basis for all work groups .
A, grassroots organizations B, local organizations, C, Central Organization
19. of the (C) years of age into adolescence during this period, but also the age limit to join the CYL organizations.
A, 12 -28 B, 15m30 C ,14-28
20,1998 adopted on June 25 the 38
21, members within the group (C)
A, right, right to vote and stand for election
B, right, to choose and vote
C, the right to vote, be elected and vote < br> 22. of the Chinese Communist Youth round song is (C).
A, > 24, Deng
25, br> C. outstanding elements in the selection of young people, to the departments of Party committees working
26. Summer college student volunteers, for the purpose of the national college student, will (A) into the rural and urban social practices.
A, culture, technology, health
B, culture, information, health
C , culture, technology, policy
27. br> 31, the central link in the development of advanced culture is (B).
A, inherit and develop all the fine culture
B, four are citizens of the socialist culture
has strengthened the socialist ideological and moral construction
28. the three major tasks in the new century, the core one is (A)
A, continue to push forward the modernization drive
B, complete reunification of the motherland
C, to strengthen party building
144
Second, the short answer:
1. Why is the Communist Youth League is the party's assistant and reserve force?
Communist Party of China Communist Youth League's assistant, it strongly supported the party's leadership, and actively implement the Party's line, led by the Party Youth Exchange to the task, which is a link the party with the majority of young people, under the leadership of the party, initiative and independent responsibility to work to help the various party organizations to actively solve the immediate problems of youth, the majority of young people united around the party , it is often continuous supply of good to the Party Youth League organizations, to increase the party's fresh blood, strengthen the party's ranks.
This is because: first, the Communist Youth League strongly supported the party's program, and actively implement the Party's resolutions and lead the young to complete the tasks assigned by the party to become the youth rally around the party, and often the views of the masses and the youth, demands, suggestions and criticisms reflected the Party put forward reasonable proposals. with the violation of the party's line, principles and policies to combat acts, with the bureaucracy, the suppression of democracy and various phenomena of lawlessness to fight to maintain the party's unified leadership, the party's unity and safeguarding the interests of the party. Third, the Communist Youth League under the leadership of the party with the spirit of communist education of youth, the youth culture into the proletarian revolution successors to the cause, and often outstanding members recommended to the party.
2. CYL Why must use the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics armed members of youth?
Comrade Deng Xiaoping Theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, is the theme of peace and development, the historical conditions of the times, in China's reform and opening up and socialist modernization drive the process, at the conclusion victories and setbacks of socialism in China's historical experience and learn from other countries, the historical experience of the success or failure of socialism on the basis of the formation and developed gradually. It is the basic principles of Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and the result of combining features of the times and the latest scientific achievements, is a continuation and development of Mao Zedong Thought is Marxism of contemporary China, we reliable guarantee of success of the party is to guide us to achieve a new historical mission of the powerful ideological weapon, but also a Success of Young jobs for the students and bring up millions of successors to the socialist cause of a powerful ideological weapon, is 5; guide the growth of youth health great banner. Therefore, the Communist Youth League organizations use the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, guiding youth work, establishing the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the ideological education of youth in the core position and guidance. unremittingly all armed with the theory groups, education and guide youth to figure out how to Communist Youth League China's national conditions, adhere to the socialist road, the development of socialist construction; how to adhere to the policy of reform and opening up, further emancipate and develop the socialist productive forces and a series of basic questions, thus further firm conviction in socialism, confidence, and constantly improve the political quality and the ability to solve practical problems, so that spiritual power into speed up the reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the great material force. Only by building socialism with Chinese characteristics, members of armed youth, well done to the party given the historic task of mission work in the right direction.
3. to apply to join the league What are the basic conditions?
CYL provides that , Chinese young people under the age of 28, recognized the constitution of groups willing to participate in group and in which an organization actively working to implement the resolutions and failure to pay the group tour, you can apply to join the Chinese Communist Youth League, Name Youth League must have the basic conditions.
4. Why would criteria, each applicant group of young, must be the first to admit CYL. recognize the meaning of chapter groups mainly:
(a) of the Communist Party of China Communist Youth League is a mass organization of advanced youth, the vast number of young people in practice study of socialism and communism with Chinese characteristics, the school is the party's assistant and reserve force;
(b) the recognition of China's Communist Party is the group's leader, loyal to the party's line. guidelines and policies;
(c) recognition of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Mission of organizational life;
(e) recognition of the provisions of Chapter Mission rights and obligations of members, and members willing to actively carry out obligations, the right to exercise the right members.
5. Why is the ; as a condition of a piece of self?
is the resolution of the corporation's organizations under the party's group policies, in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism by the member or members on behalf of the General Assembly discussed and adopted by the General Assembly on important issues within the Group's decision reflects the wishes of the majority of members, the organization will. Thus, after each group of young people must be implemented. in the formation of the resolution discussion, we can fully express their views, and according to their own wishes in favor of or against it. for their own league organizations did not participate in the discussion a resolution If not, can also be made up Jituanzuzhi own opinions, but the resolution once formed, each member should be conscientiously implemented, if not agreed to allow reservations, but can not because of their do not support or have reservations about the implementation of the resolution of the corporation refused to wood, are not allowed in the implementation of the discount. Only in this way, differences of opinion will not be affected as a unified group, the organization can be more combat missions.
6. Why is the organizations should make an obligation, but also to support members in the economy of a work group performance. CYL requires each member organization must be on time to pay the fare.
under the provides that paid or prepaid on behalf of members, pay, prepaid, pay the time normally should not exceed 6 months. where wage-earning members, the monthly wage of 400 yuan (including 400) or less, to pay the monthly salary 0. 5o; 400 yuan or more persons, to pay 1% of monthly salary. student members, there is no wage income of farmers and other members of the members do not pay a monthly income to pay the fare a corner. errant members when the pay fares , Mission organizations should criticize, education. justification not to pay for 6 months, fares, off their own groups should be handled.
7. why the group members should strive to learn the basics?
the basic mission knowledge, is the history of the Communist Youth League have developed, the nature and task of the Communist Youth League, and the group's self-construction of the basic requirements to be consistent. It is a mission members should have the minimum knowledge.
learn the basics of group for members to improve their own political quality conscious and moral and cultural level, an active part in the current reform and opening up and economic construction, has important practical significance.
(1) basic knowledge of study group members can learn more about the history of the Communist Youth League, better inherit , as always, work hard, fulfill the mission.
(2) group members to learn the basics, you can further define their rights and obligations of the concept of strengthening the organization and establish a sense of ownership. The grass-roots groups to promote the construction of reasonable adjustment group organization, and actively promote Tuanneiminzhu construction, improve the social work system, and promote cadres and other groups has important significance.
(3) basic knowledge of study group members, help members better understand the nature and task of the Communist Youth League, a firm grasp of the party's basic line, always listen to the call of the Party, conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping on the construction of the theory of Marxism with Chinese characteristics, and an active part in the great practice of reform and opening up their personal goal incorporated into the ideal people to achieve common to the history of creation, the work constantly enhance their sense of responsibility to the various items in the cause of socialist construction, to play a vanguard and exemplary role.
8. Why do members have to carry out criticism and self-criticism, the courage to correct shortcomings and mistakes, and consciously safeguard unity?
criticism and self-criticism is our party's revolutionary struggle in the long form of the fine tradition is one of the league organizations to ensure the health of their body, and enhance the combat effectiveness of a strong weapons. every Communist Youth League must learn to consciously use this weapon. in learning and work, to be strict with themselves, their courage anatomy, regular checks of their own shortcomings and deficiencies. ideological style has been out of trouble to make the errors, first of all has been good to check, take the initiative to take responsibility. of his weaknesses and mistakes to be more self-criticism, but also welcomed the comrades for criticism. know our mistakes and do not change, whitewash, the results attributed to himself, the error onto others, not the attitude of members shall be taken. Meanwhile, each member should take on the organization of work, comrades of the spirit of helping others discover and correct mistakes, especially on the work group issues and group of leading cadres shortcomings and mistakes, we should boldly criticized. For the error phenomenon can not be tolerated and accommodating attitude to take, can not do Criticism mm unity mm . group of organizations to encourage and support members in criticism and self-criticism, which for the promotion of the continuous progress of each member, properly handle contradictions within the Group, improve the organization of group life and group work to improve and enhance the cohesion of groups organized in groups to form unity, health, fine upward trend has a positive effect.
9. in the establishment of a socialist market economy which members should have the awareness of members?
members are members conscious awareness of their obligations and played an exemplary role ideological foundation, is an important content of members and political quality. In the socialist market economy under the conditions of education for members to enhance awareness of team members, and raise the political quality of the members, the Communist Youth League to play better during the reform and opening up a new force in the role, has a very important practical significance. member awareness of the members should have the following five aspects, including:
one, for the communist cause awareness of the succession struggle for life. that consciously foster the lofty ideal of communism justice, uphold and maintain the party's leadership, and adhere to Construction of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, in order to build a prosperous, democratic and civilized modern socialist country, including the majority of members, including the realization of the common ideal of the country hard.
Second, the image is better than the general youth members model of consciousness. that in mind he was a Communist Youth League, members always pay attention to the standards with stringent requirements and spur their dedication to promote opposition to extreme individualism. in his own work and social life to play in all aspects of creativity and role models. < br> Third, compliance with law and order law of the land discipline group consciousness. the Communist Youth League should consciously use the group's discipline and state laws regulate his conduct, do law-abiding model. prior to the general legal knowledge of young people to master, and the law as a weapon safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of themselves and others in the political, economic and social life and violations of law in all areas to do the same resolute struggle.
four, study hard, to study their own sense of business talent. that its members consciously linked fate and the cause of reform, the future of the reform as their future efforts to study their own business, cultural knowledge, study hard, take the lead in the reform policies the Party advocates and practitioners, and consciously their own temper, to train themselves into century needs of socialist modernization of qualified personnel.
five, in the two civilizations of the meritorious deeds in the sense of hard work. that members should put themselves into a sense of responsibility, a sense of honor Communist Youth League, in the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economy, great changes, and continue with the new achievements and contribution to add luster to league organizations, based on their own, work hard, make contributions.
10. Why write a piece of self-application to join the league of young application?
Communist Youth League is a mass organization of advanced youth, must adhere to the principle of individual volunteers, joined the Communist Youth League is a youth in the political choice to make a solemn.
so each group of young people required, must be by me to Youth League Committee to apply a piece of self. to apply to join the league of young people to the Youth League Committee of an application group is to organize the groups that volunteer their own people groups, mission organizations, the pursuit and understanding of their requirements to facilitate group conscious of their own organizations to carry out inspection, education and training.
application to join the league, you can apply in writing or verbally. However, to apply to join the league is a serious matter for the people who know their mission mission organization wishes and the situation Mission organizations to facilitate the review, the application to join the league's youth should generally write a written application, an application to join the league because of low educational level of young, seriously ill, disabled and other reasons, I have difficulty writing the application, can be dictated by their own, ask other gay helped to write.
11. How to write an application group?
piece of self-application of the main contents include: curriculum vitae, which have received awards, discipline, key members of the family situation and major social relations; on _ piece of self-awareness group organized the motivation to join the league's attitude towards; individuals in the political, ideological, work, study, style and other aspects of performance, and control members to identify gaps and standards efforts in the future direction of their own.
written application should note the following groups: To CYL honest. application of the content to be reliable, do not hide the problems individual parties to reflect their own thinking, understanding, motivated group of people talking about when speaking truth. written application group, the group organized to withstand the test, if the organization is not clear that certain aspects, not specific, the applicant may be asked to write a supplementary material in accordance with one Group applications should try to write their own.
12. take practical action to fight for what should be a piece of self start?
application to join the league of young people take practical action to fight to join the league to start from the following areas: < br> (-) seriously study and deeply understand the construction of Deng Xiaoping theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, support and advocacy of reform and opening up the party line, principles and policies.
(b) the recognition of the constitution of groups, and actively take the initiative to organizations to participate in group activities, and consciously accept the mission to help education organizations; earnestly fulfill the mission assigned by the organization of work; the building of league organizations constructive comments and suggestions; positive report to the league organizations thought to reflect the situation.
( c) abide by the rules and regulations of the unit, based on their own, hard work, study hard, study hard, and actively join in the reform and economic construction, and actively participate in the activities of the units of organization, striving to produce champion, business experts, business model, rich technology leader in the vanguard of the brush, roll student.
(d) unite the masses, and wholeheartedly serve the masses, understand and help solve their problems, helpfulness, justice, courageous.
(e) establish a , enjoy later, undisputed fame and fortune.
13. receives a vote of young members to join the league you have to?
discussion group to receive youth branch of the General Assembly joined the League, must have accounted for more than half of the total number of branch members are voting members present, to be held. After all the Council members to focus on whether the applicant has enrolled and conditions for full discussion by the members to have voting by show of hands vote. voting results to be in favor of the number should exceed the number of voting members half of young people enrolled and by receiving only.
14. What is the group membership? new members of the group membership from the time counting?
group members is eligible for membership. to obtain group membership, the organization is to become a corporation members. According to > China Communist Party of China Communist Youth League, led a mass organization of advanced youth, the vast number of young people to learn in practice socialism and communism with Chinese characteristics, the school is the party's assistant and reserve force. the Communist Youth League Central Committee, led by the Communist Youth League Central Committee Local organizations led by the Party committee, as well as by the leadership of the Communist Youth League organizations at higher levels
1, resolutely support the Chinese Communist Youth League's Programme of the Chinese Communist Party, Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and represents > A, democratic, civilized and prosperous B, prosperous, democratic, civilized, C, prosperous, civilized, democratic
2, Chinese Communist Youth League CYL face of the flag is red, a symbol of (A).
A, revolutionary victory B, vibrant C, the blood of the martyrs dyed
3, groups of all levels of Congress and committee elections is to take (A) way to produce.
A, secret ballot B, named C , by secret ballot
4, member discipline, the remaining group viewing time (C).
A, three to six B, six C, for six months or a year
5 , members in the group there _A_.
A right to vote, to vote and stand for B to know, right to vote and voting
C, elected and vote
6, members must conduct criticism and self-criticism, the courage to correct shortcomings and mistakes, and consciously safeguard (C).
A unified discipline B C solidarity
7, Mission branch, general branch committee member General Assembly by the elected term of office (C).
A . year B. two C. two or three years
8, grassroots Committee consists of members elected by the General Assembly or Congress, elected for a term (C).
A. B. 2023 to five years C. one to three years three to five years
9, age (C), can apply to join the Chinese Communist Youth League.
A.15mm28 years B.14mm30 years
10 years C.14mm28 , the provisions of Chapter Mission, who approved the young group (A) obtained from the date of group membership.
A, branch of the General Assembly B, branch committee C, groups of institutions will
CYL and the flag. hoisted, CYL should be hung on for the (C).
A, top B, left C, right
13, Chinese Communist Youth League is our party's (C), is a solid bridge between the party with the youth and ties.
A, faithful assistant, B, reserve force C, a loyal assistant and reserve force
14. cultural orientation, represent the fundamental interests of the majority of the people the times
C, inheritance, rich and the development of D, the times
16, the fifth major report group: not only should the power of youth as the future, and take the reality of young people as an important force.
A, B materialism Marxist view of Marxist mass C, the Marxist concept of youth
17, Three Represents Youth League (A) works for the realization of the whole regiment lay the foundation for Internet.
A, county online B, construction, based on efforts to promote (B) the community, private colleges, and other new areas of mission organizations.
A, community groups B, non-public economic organizations C, social intermediary organizations
1, the right youth movement in China (A) is the same below the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party People's closely integrated with the sacrifice for our motherland youth.
A policy direction
2 B. Route C. . the flag of the Chinese youth movement is (B).
A. internationalism
B. patriotism
C. Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought
3, Comrade Jiang Zemin at the commemoration of the Communist Youth League pointed out the Eightieth Anniversary of the establishment: the contemporary youth movement (C) is to build China into a prosperous, democratic and civilized socialist country and achieve the great rejuvenation of Chinese nation.
A. Subject C. theme
task B. 4. Comrade Jiang Zemin put forward, always represent the development requirements of China's productive forces, the progressive course of China's advanced culture, China's most fundamental interests of the majority of the people is the foundation of the Communist Party of China, ruling (B).
A victory source of strength and the source of B. C. source of development
5, China's Communist Party of China Communist Youth League is a youth-led advanced (A) is the majority of young people to learn the practice of communism in the schools, is the assistant to the Chinese Communist Party and reserve force.
A, mass organizations B, mass organizations C, team-governmental organizations
6, (A) on May 4, Beijing, the outbreak of the May Fourth patriotic movement.
A, 1919 B, 1921 C , 1922
7. (C) on May 5 to 10 in Guangzhou, the Chinese Socialist Youth League held its first National Congress.
A, 1919 B, 1921 C, 1922
8. the history of the Communist Youth League, through the (B) plays renamed.
A, one B, the second C, third
9.1925 in Shanghai in January of the Chinese Socialist Youth League held its third National Congress of the decision to: (A) renamed the Chinese Communist Youth League.
A, the Chinese Socialist Youth League
B, the Chinese Communist Youth League
C, Chinese Youth Communist Party
10. be regarded as China's Society published (A)
A, Man of water were C, Yan'an in May were
13,1948, in the liberation battle Longhua, Hebei, (A) decided to hold up his explosives as the stent pull the fuse burning.
A, Huang Jiguang B, Dong Cunrui C, Luo Shengjiao
14, from Comrade Lei Feng's hometown (C)
A, Hunan Anren B, Hunan Liuyang C, Hunan Wangcheng
15, Zhang Haidi after the reform and opening A typical country, (B) made a special inscription: 16,1996, the CYL Central Committee, the State Economic and Trade Commission, the Ministry of Labor grant (B) comrades as br> A, Heidi Zhang B, Hua Jiang C, Li Suli
17. smashing of the institutions of higher learning to start enrolling new students through a unified examination.
A, 1976 In the fall of
B, 1977 to end-early 1978
C, 1978 fall of
18. (A) is the basis for all work groups .
A, grassroots organizations B, local organizations, C, Central Organization
19. of the (C) years of age into adolescence during this period, but also the age limit to join the CYL organizations.
A, 12 -28 B, 15m30 C ,14-28
20,1998 adopted on June 25 the 38
21, members within the group (C)
A, right, right to vote and stand for election
B, right, to choose and vote
C, the right to vote, be elected and vote < br> 22. of the Chinese Communist Youth round song is (C).
A, > 24, Deng
25, br> C. outstanding elements in the selection of young people, to the departments of Party committees working
26. Summer college student volunteers, for the purpose of the national college student, will (A) into the rural and urban social practices.
A, culture, technology, health
B, culture, information, health
C , culture, technology, policy
27. br> 31, the central link in the development of advanced culture is (B).
A, inherit and develop all the fine culture
B, four are citizens of the socialist culture
has strengthened the socialist ideological and moral construction
28. the three major tasks in the new century, the core one is (A)
A, continue to push forward the modernization drive
B, complete reunification of the motherland
C, to strengthen party building
144
Second, the short answer:
1. Why is the Communist Youth League is the party's assistant and reserve force?
Communist Party of China Communist Youth League's assistant, it strongly supported the party's leadership, and actively implement the Party's line, led by the Party Youth Exchange to the task, which is a link the party with the majority of young people, under the leadership of the party, initiative and independent responsibility to work to help the various party organizations to actively solve the immediate problems of youth, the majority of young people united around the party , it is often continuous supply of good to the Party Youth League organizations, to increase the party's fresh blood, strengthen the party's ranks.
This is because: first, the Communist Youth League strongly supported the party's program, and actively implement the Party's resolutions and lead the young to complete the tasks assigned by the party to become the youth rally around the party, and often the views of the masses and the youth, demands, suggestions and criticisms reflected the Party put forward reasonable proposals. with the violation of the party's line, principles and policies to combat acts, with the bureaucracy, the suppression of democracy and various phenomena of lawlessness to fight to maintain the party's unified leadership, the party's unity and safeguarding the interests of the party. Third, the Communist Youth League under the leadership of the party with the spirit of communist education of youth, the youth culture into the proletarian revolution successors to the cause, and often outstanding members recommended to the party.
2. CYL Why must use the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics armed members of youth?
Comrade Deng Xiaoping Theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, is the theme of peace and development, the historical conditions of the times, in China's reform and opening up and socialist modernization drive the process, at the conclusion victories and setbacks of socialism in China's historical experience and learn from other countries, the historical experience of the success or failure of socialism on the basis of the formation and developed gradually. It is the basic principles of Marxism with the reality of contemporary China and the result of combining features of the times and the latest scientific achievements, is a continuation and development of Mao Zedong Thought is Marxism of contemporary China, we reliable guarantee of success of the party is to guide us to achieve a new historical mission of the powerful ideological weapon, but also a Success of Young jobs for the students and bring up millions of successors to the socialist cause of a powerful ideological weapon, is 5; guide the growth of youth health great banner. Therefore, the Communist Youth League organizations use the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, guiding youth work, establishing the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the ideological education of youth in the core position and guidance. unremittingly all armed with the theory groups, education and guide youth to figure out how to Communist Youth League China's national conditions, adhere to the socialist road, the development of socialist construction; how to adhere to the policy of reform and opening up, further emancipate and develop the socialist productive forces and a series of basic questions, thus further firm conviction in socialism, confidence, and constantly improve the political quality and the ability to solve practical problems, so that spiritual power into speed up the reform and opening up and socialist modernization, the great material force. Only by building socialism with Chinese characteristics, members of armed youth, well done to the party given the historic task of mission work in the right direction.
3. to apply to join the league What are the basic conditions?
CYL provides that , Chinese young people under the age of 28, recognized the constitution of groups willing to participate in group and in which an organization actively working to implement the resolutions and failure to pay the group tour, you can apply to join the Chinese Communist Youth League, Name Youth League must have the basic conditions.
4. Why would criteria, each applicant group of young, must be the first to admit CYL. recognize the meaning of chapter groups mainly:
(a) of the Communist Party of China Communist Youth League is a mass organization of advanced youth, the vast number of young people in practice study of socialism and communism with Chinese characteristics, the school is the party's assistant and reserve force;
(b) the recognition of China's Communist Party is the group's leader, loyal to the party's line. guidelines and policies;
(c) recognition of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and Mission of organizational life;
(e) recognition of the provisions of Chapter Mission rights and obligations of members, and members willing to actively carry out obligations, the right to exercise the right members.
5. Why is the ; as a condition of a piece of self?
is the resolution of the corporation's organizations under the party's group policies, in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism by the member or members on behalf of the General Assembly discussed and adopted by the General Assembly on important issues within the Group's decision reflects the wishes of the majority of members, the organization will. Thus, after each group of young people must be implemented. in the formation of the resolution discussion, we can fully express their views, and according to their own wishes in favor of or against it. for their own league organizations did not participate in the discussion a resolution If not, can also be made up Jituanzuzhi own opinions, but the resolution once formed, each member should be conscientiously implemented, if not agreed to allow reservations, but can not because of their do not support or have reservations about the implementation of the resolution of the corporation refused to wood, are not allowed in the implementation of the discount. Only in this way, differences of opinion will not be affected as a unified group, the organization can be more combat missions.
6. Why is the organizations should make an obligation, but also to support members in the economy of a work group performance. CYL requires each member organization must be on time to pay the fare.
under the provides that paid or prepaid on behalf of members, pay, prepaid, pay the time normally should not exceed 6 months. where wage-earning members, the monthly wage of 400 yuan (including 400) or less, to pay the monthly salary 0. 5o; 400 yuan or more persons, to pay 1% of monthly salary. student members, there is no wage income of farmers and other members of the members do not pay a monthly income to pay the fare a corner. errant members when the pay fares , Mission organizations should criticize, education. justification not to pay for 6 months, fares, off their own groups should be handled.
7. why the group members should strive to learn the basics?
the basic mission knowledge, is the history of the Communist Youth League have developed, the nature and task of the Communist Youth League, and the group's self-construction of the basic requirements to be consistent. It is a mission members should have the minimum knowledge.
learn the basics of group for members to improve their own political quality conscious and moral and cultural level, an active part in the current reform and opening up and economic construction, has important practical significance.
(1) basic knowledge of study group members can learn more about the history of the Communist Youth League, better inherit , as always, work hard, fulfill the mission.
(2) group members to learn the basics, you can further define their rights and obligations of the concept of strengthening the organization and establish a sense of ownership. The grass-roots groups to promote the construction of reasonable adjustment group organization, and actively promote Tuanneiminzhu construction, improve the social work system, and promote cadres and other groups has important significance.
(3) basic knowledge of study group members, help members better understand the nature and task of the Communist Youth League, a firm grasp of the party's basic line, always listen to the call of the Party, conscientiously study Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping on the construction of the theory of Marxism with Chinese characteristics, and an active part in the great practice of reform and opening up their personal goal incorporated into the ideal people to achieve common to the history of creation, the work constantly enhance their sense of responsibility to the various items in the cause of socialist construction, to play a vanguard and exemplary role.
8. Why do members have to carry out criticism and self-criticism, the courage to correct shortcomings and mistakes, and consciously safeguard unity?
criticism and self-criticism is our party's revolutionary struggle in the long form of the fine tradition is one of the league organizations to ensure the health of their body, and enhance the combat effectiveness of a strong weapons. every Communist Youth League must learn to consciously use this weapon. in learning and work, to be strict with themselves, their courage anatomy, regular checks of their own shortcomings and deficiencies. ideological style has been out of trouble to make the errors, first of all has been good to check, take the initiative to take responsibility. of his weaknesses and mistakes to be more self-criticism, but also welcomed the comrades for criticism. know our mistakes and do not change, whitewash, the results attributed to himself, the error onto others, not the attitude of members shall be taken. Meanwhile, each member should take on the organization of work, comrades of the spirit of helping others discover and correct mistakes, especially on the work group issues and group of leading cadres shortcomings and mistakes, we should boldly criticized. For the error phenomenon can not be tolerated and accommodating attitude to take, can not do Criticism mm unity mm . group of organizations to encourage and support members in criticism and self-criticism, which for the promotion of the continuous progress of each member, properly handle contradictions within the Group, improve the organization of group life and group work to improve and enhance the cohesion of groups organized in groups to form unity, health, fine upward trend has a positive effect.
9. in the establishment of a socialist market economy which members should have the awareness of members?
members are members conscious awareness of their obligations and played an exemplary role ideological foundation, is an important content of members and political quality. In the socialist market economy under the conditions of education for members to enhance awareness of team members, and raise the political quality of the members, the Communist Youth League to play better during the reform and opening up a new force in the role, has a very important practical significance. member awareness of the members should have the following five aspects, including:
one, for the communist cause awareness of the succession struggle for life. that consciously foster the lofty ideal of communism justice, uphold and maintain the party's leadership, and adhere to Construction of the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, in order to build a prosperous, democratic and civilized modern socialist country, including the majority of members, including the realization of the common ideal of the country hard.
Second, the image is better than the general youth members model of consciousness. that in mind he was a Communist Youth League, members always pay attention to the standards with stringent requirements and spur their dedication to promote opposition to extreme individualism. in his own work and social life to play in all aspects of creativity and role models. < br> Third, compliance with law and order law of the land discipline group consciousness. the Communist Youth League should consciously use the group's discipline and state laws regulate his conduct, do law-abiding model. prior to the general legal knowledge of young people to master, and the law as a weapon safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of themselves and others in the political, economic and social life and violations of law in all areas to do the same resolute struggle.
four, study hard, to study their own sense of business talent. that its members consciously linked fate and the cause of reform, the future of the reform as their future efforts to study their own business, cultural knowledge, study hard, take the lead in the reform policies the Party advocates and practitioners, and consciously their own temper, to train themselves into century needs of socialist modernization of qualified personnel.
five, in the two civilizations of the meritorious deeds in the sense of hard work. that members should put themselves into a sense of responsibility, a sense of honor Communist Youth League, in the establishment and improvement of the socialist market economy, great changes, and continue with the new achievements and contribution to add luster to league organizations, based on their own, work hard, make contributions.
10. Why write a piece of self-application to join the league of young application?
Communist Youth League is a mass organization of advanced youth, must adhere to the principle of individual volunteers, joined the Communist Youth League is a youth in the political choice to make a solemn.
so each group of young people required, must be by me to Youth League Committee to apply a piece of self. to apply to join the league of young people to the Youth League Committee of an application group is to organize the groups that volunteer their own people groups, mission organizations, the pursuit and understanding of their requirements to facilitate group conscious of their own organizations to carry out inspection, education and training.
application to join the league, you can apply in writing or verbally. However, to apply to join the league is a serious matter for the people who know their mission mission organization wishes and the situation Mission organizations to facilitate the review, the application to join the league's youth should generally write a written application, an application to join the league because of low educational level of young, seriously ill, disabled and other reasons, I have difficulty writing the application, can be dictated by their own, ask other gay helped to write.
11. How to write an application group?
piece of self-application of the main contents include: curriculum vitae, which have received awards, discipline, key members of the family situation and major social relations; on _ piece of self-awareness group organized the motivation to join the league's attitude towards; individuals in the political, ideological, work, study, style and other aspects of performance, and control members to identify gaps and standards efforts in the future direction of their own.
written application should note the following groups: To CYL honest. application of the content to be reliable, do not hide the problems individual parties to reflect their own thinking, understanding, motivated group of people talking about when speaking truth. written application group, the group organized to withstand the test, if the organization is not clear that certain aspects, not specific, the applicant may be asked to write a supplementary material in accordance with one Group applications should try to write their own.
12. take practical action to fight for what should be a piece of self start?
application to join the league of young people take practical action to fight to join the league to start from the following areas: < br> (-) seriously study and deeply understand the construction of Deng Xiaoping theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, support and advocacy of reform and opening up the party line, principles and policies.
(b) the recognition of the constitution of groups, and actively take the initiative to organizations to participate in group activities, and consciously accept the mission to help education organizations; earnestly fulfill the mission assigned by the organization of work; the building of league organizations constructive comments and suggestions; positive report to the league organizations thought to reflect the situation.
( c) abide by the rules and regulations of the unit, based on their own, hard work, study hard, study hard, and actively join in the reform and economic construction, and actively participate in the activities of the units of organization, striving to produce champion, business experts, business model, rich technology leader in the vanguard of the brush, roll student.
(d) unite the masses, and wholeheartedly serve the masses, understand and help solve their problems, helpfulness, justice, courageous.
(e) establish a , enjoy later, undisputed fame and fortune.
13. receives a vote of young members to join the league you have to?
discussion group to receive youth branch of the General Assembly joined the League, must have accounted for more than half of the total number of branch members are voting members present, to be held. After all the Council members to focus on whether the applicant has enrolled and conditions for full discussion by the members to have voting by show of hands vote. voting results to be in favor of the number should exceed the number of voting members half of young people enrolled and by receiving only.
14. What is the group membership? new members of the group membership from the time counting?
group members is eligible for membership. to obtain group membership, the organization is to become a corporation members. According to > China Communist Party of China Communist Youth League, led a mass organization of advanced youth, the vast number of young people to learn in practice socialism and communism with Chinese characteristics, the school is the party's assistant and reserve force. the Communist Youth League Central Committee, led by the Communist Youth League Central Committee Local organizations led by the Party committee, as well as by the leadership of the Communist Youth League organizations at higher levels
1, resolutely support the Chinese Communist Youth League's Programme of the Chinese Communist Party, Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and represents > A, democratic, civilized and prosperous B, prosperous, democratic, civilized, C, prosperous, civilized, democratic
2, Chinese Communist Youth League CYL face of the flag is red, a symbol of (A).
A, revolutionary victory B, vibrant C, the blood of the martyrs dyed
3, groups of all levels of Congress and committee elections is to take (A) way to produce.
A, secret ballot B, named C , by secret ballot
4, member discipline, the remaining group viewing time (C).
A, three to six B, six C, for six months or a year
5 , members in the group there _A_.
A right to vote, to vote and stand for B to know, right to vote and voting
C, elected and vote
6, members must conduct criticism and self-criticism, the courage to correct shortcomings and mistakes, and consciously safeguard (C).
A unified discipline B C solidarity
7, Mission branch, general branch committee member General Assembly by the elected term of office (C).
A . year B. two C. two or three years
8, grassroots Committee consists of members elected by the General Assembly or Congress, elected for a term (C).
A. B. 2023 to five years C. one to three years three to five years
9, age (C), can apply to join the Chinese Communist Youth League.
A.15mm28 years B.14mm30 years
10 years C.14mm28 , the provisions of Chapter Mission, who approved the young group (A) obtained from the date of group membership.
A, branch of the General Assembly B, branch committee C, groups of institutions will
CYL and the flag. hoisted, CYL should be hung on for the (C).
A, top B, left C, right
13, Chinese Communist Youth League is our party's (C), is a solid bridge between the party with the youth and ties.
A, faithful assistant, B, reserve force C, a loyal assistant and reserve force
14. cultural orientation, represent the fundamental interests of the majority of the people the times
C, inheritance, rich and the development of D, the times
16, the fifth major report group: not only should the power of youth as the future, and take the reality of young people as an important force.
A, B materialism Marxist view of Marxist mass C, the Marxist concept of youth
17, Three Represents Youth League (A) works for the realization of the whole regiment lay the foundation for Internet.
A, county online B, construction, based on efforts to promote (B) the community, private colleges, and other new areas of mission organizations.
A, community groups B, non-public economic organizations C, social intermediary organizations
Tuesday, December 21, 2010
Broadband wireless access market for the same the same thing with different technologies
Abstract: The nomadic and mobile broadband wireless access will become an important future market demand for communications. WiMax (802.16d / e) is dedicated to the development of this demand, performance, high efficiency and low cost. The flexible system can be configured to meet the requirements of various application scenarios. The basic technology is mainly: Fast planning and scheduling, burst packet data to achieve shared wireless link consisting of multiple sub-channel; adaptive modulation and coding; fast automatic re. the further use of MIMO and other space time processing techniques to improve performance .3 G business needs in accordance with the design of voice-based, connection-oriented, to provide fixed-bandwidth channels for IP packet data burst efficiency is very low. In order to enter the broadband wireless access market, 3GPP development was referred to as 3.5G's HSPA (1xEV DO), can greatly improve the packet data transmission rate. In order to compete with WiMax in late 2004 decided to develop long-term evolution of 3GPP plans LTE, the indicators and with the WiMax technology is similar can be said the same thing. face competition on the LTE, WiMax broadband wireless access market in order to a place must have good frequency, the use of terrestrial television broadcasting frequencies to provide large area coverage and lower costs will greatly increase the competitiveness of WiMax.
Keywords WiMax ; 802.16d / e; 3G; HSDPA; HSUPA; OFDMA
1 Introduction
With the development of PDA and the popularity of notebook computers, users want to anytime, anywhere Internet access, a new market mm into the common core network, service support, and AAA systems. broadband wireless access rate required to achieve a few hundred kbit / s or even tens of Mbit / s, the terminal is mainly laptops and PDA.
current 2.5G/3G Mobile Phone data services and broadband wireless access are two different market segments. mobile data business is basically a private network, download speeds in the 100 kbit / s or less. smart phones can access the Internet, but the performance is not satisfactory without the formation of mainstream .3 G system can not effectively meet the needs of this market. At present 3G mobile communication is the 3.5G (HSDPA / EV-DO) evolution, began to enter the broadband wireless access market.
WiMax by IEEE 802.16d / e is fixed (nomadic ) / mobile broadband wireless metropolitan area network, the radio link layer of the physical layer and MAC has been specifically designed to meet the sudden type of packet data services, to adaptive wireless channel environment, and the core network is a standard IP network. IEEE 802.21 was developed 802 series to solve a variety of wired / wireless, fixed / mobile network (Wi-Fi,, WiMax and fixed Ethernet, etc.) and cellular mobile communication protocol between the IP-based mobile roaming and handover issues. this system meet the IP of the technology trends, with superior performance.
3G systems to support IP data services in the spectrum of low efficiency because of its connection-oriented structure of the fixed bandwidth, burst not meet the demand for IP data services. To this end , added in the 3GPP R5 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA, known as 3.5G), the rate can be achieved under good 10Mbit / s or more. will increase further in the R6 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), All IP core network is also to network evolution. To be able to compete with WiMax, 3GPP in late 2004 decided to develop long-term evolution of plans LTE (referred to as 3.9G).
2 fixed (nomadic) / mobile broadband wireless access 802.16d / e
IEEE 802 working group in its 802.3 Ethernet working group within the parallel development of a series of fixed / mobile broadband wireless access technologies, including 802.11 wireless LANs, wireless personal area network 802.15, and 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network Wireless wide area network 802.20. their radio link layer of the physical layer and MAC has been specifically designed to meet the sudden type of packet data service, adaptive wireless channel environment, and shared core network is a standard IP network. IEEE 802.21 was developed to solve 802 series of the above, and fixed Ethernet access networks and cellular mobile communication network based on mobile IP protocol between the roaming and handover issues. This system was in compliance and IP based NGN technology trends, with superior performance. 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network to provide point to point first sight wireless high-speed links, Link will use to cook with 802.11a wireless access hotspots to connect to the Internet, but also links to companies and families to a wired backbone environment. operating frequency of 10 ~ 60GHz. for further development to-multipoint, non-sight broadband wireless access network, 802.16a, cable modem and DSL can be used as a supplement to provide fixed wireless broadband access, frequency reduced to 2 ~ 11GHz. was further improved to become 802.16 d, and then further developed into mobile applications to support 802.16e, frequency reduced to 2 ~ 6 GHz.
802.16d / e runtime environment with reference to 3GPP (ETSI TR 101 112) operating environment is defined:
1 ) indoor environment, indoor use of pico-cell base stations, coverage radius (r) <100 m;
2) outdoor to indoor and nomadic, the use of micro-cell, 100 m 3) and high antenna inside the vehicle, the use of macro-cell, coverage radius (r)> 1000 m;
4) mixed, macro-cell and micro-cell overlap.
802.16 There are several different physical layer options for cellular use, suitable for different applications, frequency plans and policies.
1) OFDM (WirelessMAN-OFDM air interface) 256-point FFT, using time division multiple access TDMA (TDD TDD / FDD Frequency Division Duplex ).
2) OFDMA (WirelessMAN-OFDMA air interface) 2048 point FFT, uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA (TDD / FDD).
3) single-carrier frequency (WirelessMAN-SCa. air interface) TDMA (TDD / FDD) BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM. most manufacturers use the frequency domain equalizer compensation for multipath interference caused by frequency decline to address the problem of channel equalization.
Single carrier frequency of the transmission system is mainly used for point to point, does not meet the demand for broadband access.
present, most commercial systems use 256OFDM, multiple access with TDMA. This method is simple and easy to implement. However, due to the client terminal transmit power by the peak average power ratio (PAR) constraints, the radio link must use an outdoor antenna gain is not enough to provide gain over ten db (such as 3.5GHz fixed broadband wireless access), because of the need to use an outdoor antenna, in fact, such systems can not support nomadic laptop mobile broadband wireless access applications. As most of the WiMax equipment maker is from the original 3.5 GHz fixed wireless access equipment manufacturers turn to, so most of the current WiMax products in this category, can not support the nomadic laptop application.
for nomadic / mobile broadband wireless access systems require the application of orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA.OFDMA combination of time division and frequency division multiple access technology. the client terminal in the uplink sub-set using only a few frequency, transmission power can be concentrated in these sub-carrier frequency, the increase more than ten dB SNR to meet the laptop needs 0dB antenna indoor reception. In fact 802.16d (2004) has been defined in this work, but the equipment Manufacturers focus on doing an outdoor antenna 256OFDM TDMA fixed access systems. but will leave such a system to solve 802.16e, WiMax delay the development process.
802.16a / d of the media access control layer MAC layer required to support OFDM / OFDMA, supports automatic retransmission ARQ. do not permit the use of dynamic frequency band can select (DFS). he could support additional advanced antenna systems, Advanced Antenna System (AAS) in order to provide higher performance, you can also support network Mesh Mode-like model to work to provide customers TDD direct communication between the client. This approach can only work in non-license band.
802.16d the smaller the cell radius, can provide higher capacity. in the outdoor nomad state, cellular radius of 2.5 km, each cell capacity can reach 4.31 bit / sec / Hz. bandwidth of 5 MHz, in order to 21.5 Mbit / s, is the WCDMA several times. through the use of multi-antenna MIMO space-time processing can further improve the rate of several times.
3 3G high-speed packet data services development efforts
3GPP and 3GPP2 are aware of their current systems used to provide limited Internet access business to try, within the framework of the original system, the first downlink packet access technology used, a substantial increase download and streaming IP data rate.
3GPP R5 after the system was introduced in HSDPA standards, and the introduction of HSUPA R6 standard. HSDPA using the 802.16d / e similar to the three technologies: adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), fast hybrid automatic retransmission (HARQ) and fast scheduling time division multiple access, to improve the downlink data rate of data to meet the requirements of packet data burst.
fast scheduling shared multi-user multiplexing downlink (uplink) high-speed shared data channel HS-PDSCH. every 2 ms using a short time frame scheduling the channel resources allocated to multiple users, type of packet data burst to adapt to provide high average throughput.
with 802.16d / e in the use of OFDMA different, HSDPA uses code division multiplexing, code division multiplexing by multiple sub-channel multiplexed together to form the downlink data channel. HS-DSCH sub-channel frame length is 2 ms , contains three time slots. subchannel will be mapped to HS-DSCH physical channel spread spectrum techniques used, expand the spectrum using a fixed number of SF = 16 are the physical sub-channel HS-PDSCH.15 a spread-spectrum sub-channel HS-PDSCH physical Through a combination of code division multiplexing constitute the total HS-DSCH. In this way, client station code division and time division based shared channel in two ways. HSDPA and 802.16d / e in the shared packet data channel is the same principle, are In the sub-channel and time slot on the planning and scheduling. but 802.16d/ed subchannels to be able to offer more, and more flexible scheduling.
HSDPA also uses adaptive modulation and coding, once every 2ms channel quality measurement, According to the channel quality index (CQI), decided to adopt the modulation and coding methods. using different parameters, and QAM modulation QPSK. using a physical sub-channel QPSK modulation transfer rate of 480 kbit / s, using 64QAM modulation to 1440 kbit / s, increased threefold. and above 15 HS-PDSCH physical channel code division multiplexing rate equal to 15 times increase. Taken together, the increase rate of 45 times. This is just a rough estimate, explain why within the framework of the WCDMA, the use of fast scheduling and adaptive modulation and coding rate to provide the number of times. reach the 802.11d / e standard can be compared.
HSDPA Another key technique used is a fast hybrid automatic retransmission (HARQ). The main principle is : receiver in the case of decoding failure, save the received data and request retransmission of the data sender, the receiver will be retransmitted data and the data previously received before the decoding combinations. hybrid automatic retransmission technology can improve system performance, and flexibility to adjust the effective symbol rate, you can compensate for link adaptation brought about by error. In WCDMA R5 after the introduction of HSDPA technology, UTRAN part of the structure of essentially the same, by the Node B increase the card, added a MAC-hs block, and in the physical layer added three new physical channel: 15 high-speed physical downlink shared channel, a high-speed shared control channel and a group of high-speed dedicated physical control channel uplink .
HSDPA Another improvement is to move the scheduling base station by the base station controller, which can reduce the delay. Currently, 3GPP organization such as MIMO and higher order modulation technology in further research, hoping to further improve the downlink link data rate. HSDPA typical rate of actual use: macrocell is 1 ~ 1.5 Mbit / s, micro cellular 4 ~ 6 Mbit / s, slightly cellular> 8 Mbit / s.
will be in 3GPP R6 the introduction of HSUPA uplink packet to solve problems and improve upstream. and then further to the introduction of adaptive beamforming and MIMO antenna array processing techniques such as downlink peak rate will be increased to 30 Mbit / s or so.
HSDPA and HSUPA is called medium-term evolution of 3.5G technology is technology, greater restraint by the original system. performance is not ideal .3 GPP found in the deployment of HSDPA and the ITU have a gap between B3G, this is the goal of WiMax. In a period of time, in broadband wireless access market, competition will be at a disadvantage with WiMax. To improve the 3G broadband wireless access in the emerging competitive market, get rid of Qualcom's CDMA patent constraints, need to develop long-term evolution technology LTE (long term evolution), to fill this a gap. The basic idea is to use the past for the development of B3G or 4G technology to the development of LTE, using the 3G spectrum for broadband wireless access market share in December 2004 when Athens was decided 3GPP 3GPP RAN working group responsible for carrying out long-term evolution LTE radio interface of .2006 June completed in June 2007 LTE standard release. participate in the work, including 200 members of the 3GPP.
LTE radio will select a new air interface standards (OFDMA loud voice), the use of bandwidth from 1.25MHz to 20MHz, speed downlink capacity of 100 Mbit / s, upstream 50 Mbit / s.LTE will also develop a new network structure. Prior to the evolution of 3GPP is in the original programs, including HSPDA RAN and core network based on the gradual evolution of more restricted . LTE will be in the original 3G radio access network, the establishment of a new all-IP radio access network (RAN), and pure IP convergence with the fixed core network. to meet the needs of broadband wireless access. This move Communications will no longer be a system, but only to provide broadband mobile wireless access. truly converged fixed and mobile networks. Currently LTE working group is in full swing starting from the fully operational needs. As opinion within the 3GPP, and is not completely unified, do not want to let go of the original system from scratch is still very powerful forces that can achieve booking goals are still some problems.
LTE in our country and the corresponding program is called plan and B3G E3G.863 FUTURE plans are considered the corresponding for the development of E3G, in LTE development work. in 3GPP2 is being called the implementation of air interface similar to the evolution of AIE (air interface evolution) evolution program.
4 future broadband wireless access market, the competitive situation
WiMax is intended for broadband wireless access market, 3G mobile communication is intended for cellular phone-based mobile communication system, generally speaking, is a complementary relationship between them. But when the 3GPP for the development of broadband wireless access market HSDPA, particularly after the emergence of LTE development of competition. From the above analysis we can see the face of WiMax and 3GPP LTE is the same market, the indicators are similar, the use of technology is similar can be said the same thing. < br> 3GPP LTE is a decision to develop a strategic decision for the future development of its far-reaching impact. Although LTE's ability to shake off the shackles of the original architecture, there are problems, but its members are the mainstream of current 3G operators , the force and frequency of use of a 3G license, even if the performance of their LTE development, worse, in the broadband wireless access market still has a strong competitive edge. and once they have LTE will no longer consider the use of WiMax and other competitive technology. In addition, LTE frequency of use of 3G, or even use the 2G frequency, better penetration, higher cost performance support system.
WiMax by the IT industry of broadband wireless access technology, in the absence of the original system of constraints, most broadband access market. Since the emergence of LTE, operators may use WIMax main fixed network operators and new operators to enter the competition. Intel and other IT equipment manufacturers the firm is WiMax, a strong supporter of, they want to enter through the WiMax broadband wireless access market. Intel to bundle in the future WiMax notebook promises enhanced the competitiveness of WiMax.
WiMax development of today's major problems plagued is the frequency of the problem. is already accepted is 3.4 ~ 3.8 GHz frequency license, and 5.725 ~ 5.85 GHz frequency license-free frequency. Many countries allow the use of higher frequencies, its license-exempt 5 GHz band as part of the purpose of for outdoor applications. because of their poor penetrating power, the use of these frequencies WiMax and LTE system can not compete. awaiting approval is 2.3 ~ 2.7 GHz frequency license, only South Korea will be 2.3 ~ 2.4 GHz frequency allocated to WiMax. International the main focus for 2.5 ~ 2.6 GHz frequency. these frequencies are still high, compared with the performance of 3G mobile communication frequencies less.
WiMax broadband wireless access to the development of the best and may choose to use television broadcast band (UHF .) penetration of the UHF channels can achieve a large area of good coverage, easy to reduce costs and improve competitiveness. many parts of the world began the fight for distribution of <1 GHz frequency bands for broadband wireless access efforts. in the United States is +-free license to use license for the band. has been sold to the channel 54,55,59 (710 ~ 722 MHz, 740 ~ 746 MHz), lower frequency of future auctions Channel (698 ~ 746 MHz) or higher frequency Channels (747 ~ 794 MHz). In China Radio Management Committee has 798 ~ 862 MHz frequency from SARFT to directly manage their own hands to recover.
consultations in the United States is lower than the 700 MHz license-free use of empty TV channels. U.S. FCC must make sense to use these radio frequencies to avoid interference. this IEEE established the IEEE 802.22 wireless local area network aware (WRAN) Standards Working Group (November 2004). Its purpose is the development of air interface (MAC and PHY ) in various geographical regions to provide broadband wireless access, including sparsely populated rural areas, with the interference protection mechanisms for users to use as a secondary TV 54 ~ 862 MHz frequency band. WiMax so one more competitor. as this, IEEE 802.16 Working Group has set up a IEEE802.16h, dedicated to improving media access control, such as strategies and other mechanisms to ensure enhanced IEEE 802.16-based license-free coexistence between systems, as well as a major user of the system coexistence between. IEEE 802.16h to WiMax to meet FCC requirements, as a secondary user with a blank terrestrial TV channels.
terrestrial TV frequency of use of blank WiMax systems will have excellent performance and extremely competitive. especially in rural and remote areas, will be to eliminate the Conclusion
nomadic and mobile broadband wireless access will become an important future market demand for communications. WiMax (802.16d / e) is dedicated to the development of this demand, performance, high efficiency and low cost. Through its flexible system configuration to meet the requirements of various application scenarios .3 G is based on the design of voice-based business needs, can not meet the demand for broadband wireless access. In order to enter the broadband wireless access market, 3GPP 3.5G development known as the HSPA (1xEV DO ) after the remains inadequate, in order to compete with WiMax plans 3GPP decided to develop long-term evolution of LTE, the indicators and with the WiMax technology is similar can be said the same thing. WiMax frequency allocation by the development of the constraints, can use the terrestrial television broadcast band on WiMax essential for the development.
(Author: Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of High Performance Network)
Keywords WiMax ; 802.16d / e; 3G; HSDPA; HSUPA; OFDMA
1 Introduction
With the development of PDA and the popularity of notebook computers, users want to anytime, anywhere Internet access, a new market mm into the common core network, service support, and AAA systems. broadband wireless access rate required to achieve a few hundred kbit / s or even tens of Mbit / s, the terminal is mainly laptops and PDA.
current 2.5G/3G Mobile Phone data services and broadband wireless access are two different market segments. mobile data business is basically a private network, download speeds in the 100 kbit / s or less. smart phones can access the Internet, but the performance is not satisfactory without the formation of mainstream .3 G system can not effectively meet the needs of this market. At present 3G mobile communication is the 3.5G (HSDPA / EV-DO) evolution, began to enter the broadband wireless access market.
WiMax by IEEE 802.16d / e is fixed (nomadic ) / mobile broadband wireless metropolitan area network, the radio link layer of the physical layer and MAC has been specifically designed to meet the sudden type of packet data services, to adaptive wireless channel environment, and the core network is a standard IP network. IEEE 802.21 was developed 802 series to solve a variety of wired / wireless, fixed / mobile network (Wi-Fi,, WiMax and fixed Ethernet, etc.) and cellular mobile communication protocol between the IP-based mobile roaming and handover issues. this system meet the IP of the technology trends, with superior performance.
3G systems to support IP data services in the spectrum of low efficiency because of its connection-oriented structure of the fixed bandwidth, burst not meet the demand for IP data services. To this end , added in the 3GPP R5 High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA, known as 3.5G), the rate can be achieved under good 10Mbit / s or more. will increase further in the R6 High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), All IP core network is also to network evolution. To be able to compete with WiMax, 3GPP in late 2004 decided to develop long-term evolution of plans LTE (referred to as 3.9G).
2 fixed (nomadic) / mobile broadband wireless access 802.16d / e
IEEE 802 working group in its 802.3 Ethernet working group within the parallel development of a series of fixed / mobile broadband wireless access technologies, including 802.11 wireless LANs, wireless personal area network 802.15, and 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network Wireless wide area network 802.20. their radio link layer of the physical layer and MAC has been specifically designed to meet the sudden type of packet data service, adaptive wireless channel environment, and shared core network is a standard IP network. IEEE 802.21 was developed to solve 802 series of the above, and fixed Ethernet access networks and cellular mobile communication network based on mobile IP protocol between the roaming and handover issues. This system was in compliance and IP based NGN technology trends, with superior performance. 802.16 wireless metropolitan area network to provide point to point first sight wireless high-speed links, Link will use to cook with 802.11a wireless access hotspots to connect to the Internet, but also links to companies and families to a wired backbone environment. operating frequency of 10 ~ 60GHz. for further development to-multipoint, non-sight broadband wireless access network, 802.16a, cable modem and DSL can be used as a supplement to provide fixed wireless broadband access, frequency reduced to 2 ~ 11GHz. was further improved to become 802.16 d, and then further developed into mobile applications to support 802.16e, frequency reduced to 2 ~ 6 GHz.
802.16d / e runtime environment with reference to 3GPP (ETSI TR 101 112) operating environment is defined:
1 ) indoor environment, indoor use of pico-cell base stations, coverage radius (r) <100 m;
2) outdoor to indoor and nomadic, the use of micro-cell, 100 m 3) and high antenna inside the vehicle, the use of macro-cell, coverage radius (r)> 1000 m;
4) mixed, macro-cell and micro-cell overlap.
802.16 There are several different physical layer options for cellular use, suitable for different applications, frequency plans and policies.
1) OFDM (WirelessMAN-OFDM air interface) 256-point FFT, using time division multiple access TDMA (TDD TDD / FDD Frequency Division Duplex ).
2) OFDMA (WirelessMAN-OFDMA air interface) 2048 point FFT, uses orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA (TDD / FDD).
3) single-carrier frequency (WirelessMAN-SCa. air interface) TDMA (TDD / FDD) BPSK, QPSK, 4-QAM, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, 256-QAM. most manufacturers use the frequency domain equalizer compensation for multipath interference caused by frequency decline to address the problem of channel equalization.
Single carrier frequency of the transmission system is mainly used for point to point, does not meet the demand for broadband access.
present, most commercial systems use 256OFDM, multiple access with TDMA. This method is simple and easy to implement. However, due to the client terminal transmit power by the peak average power ratio (PAR) constraints, the radio link must use an outdoor antenna gain is not enough to provide gain over ten db (such as 3.5GHz fixed broadband wireless access), because of the need to use an outdoor antenna, in fact, such systems can not support nomadic laptop mobile broadband wireless access applications. As most of the WiMax equipment maker is from the original 3.5 GHz fixed wireless access equipment manufacturers turn to, so most of the current WiMax products in this category, can not support the nomadic laptop application.
for nomadic / mobile broadband wireless access systems require the application of orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA.OFDMA combination of time division and frequency division multiple access technology. the client terminal in the uplink sub-set using only a few frequency, transmission power can be concentrated in these sub-carrier frequency, the increase more than ten dB SNR to meet the laptop needs 0dB antenna indoor reception. In fact 802.16d (2004) has been defined in this work, but the equipment Manufacturers focus on doing an outdoor antenna 256OFDM TDMA fixed access systems. but will leave such a system to solve 802.16e, WiMax delay the development process.
802.16a / d of the media access control layer MAC layer required to support OFDM / OFDMA, supports automatic retransmission ARQ. do not permit the use of dynamic frequency band can select (DFS). he could support additional advanced antenna systems, Advanced Antenna System (AAS) in order to provide higher performance, you can also support network Mesh Mode-like model to work to provide customers TDD direct communication between the client. This approach can only work in non-license band.
802.16d the smaller the cell radius, can provide higher capacity. in the outdoor nomad state, cellular radius of 2.5 km, each cell capacity can reach 4.31 bit / sec / Hz. bandwidth of 5 MHz, in order to 21.5 Mbit / s, is the WCDMA several times. through the use of multi-antenna MIMO space-time processing can further improve the rate of several times.
3 3G high-speed packet data services development efforts
3GPP and 3GPP2 are aware of their current systems used to provide limited Internet access business to try, within the framework of the original system, the first downlink packet access technology used, a substantial increase download and streaming IP data rate.
3GPP R5 after the system was introduced in HSDPA standards, and the introduction of HSUPA R6 standard. HSDPA using the 802.16d / e similar to the three technologies: adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), fast hybrid automatic retransmission (HARQ) and fast scheduling time division multiple access, to improve the downlink data rate of data to meet the requirements of packet data burst.
fast scheduling shared multi-user multiplexing downlink (uplink) high-speed shared data channel HS-PDSCH. every 2 ms using a short time frame scheduling the channel resources allocated to multiple users, type of packet data burst to adapt to provide high average throughput.
with 802.16d / e in the use of OFDMA different, HSDPA uses code division multiplexing, code division multiplexing by multiple sub-channel multiplexed together to form the downlink data channel. HS-DSCH sub-channel frame length is 2 ms , contains three time slots. subchannel will be mapped to HS-DSCH physical channel spread spectrum techniques used, expand the spectrum using a fixed number of SF = 16 are the physical sub-channel HS-PDSCH.15 a spread-spectrum sub-channel HS-PDSCH physical Through a combination of code division multiplexing constitute the total HS-DSCH. In this way, client station code division and time division based shared channel in two ways. HSDPA and 802.16d / e in the shared packet data channel is the same principle, are In the sub-channel and time slot on the planning and scheduling. but 802.16d/ed subchannels to be able to offer more, and more flexible scheduling.
HSDPA also uses adaptive modulation and coding, once every 2ms channel quality measurement, According to the channel quality index (CQI), decided to adopt the modulation and coding methods. using different parameters, and QAM modulation QPSK. using a physical sub-channel QPSK modulation transfer rate of 480 kbit / s, using 64QAM modulation to 1440 kbit / s, increased threefold. and above 15 HS-PDSCH physical channel code division multiplexing rate equal to 15 times increase. Taken together, the increase rate of 45 times. This is just a rough estimate, explain why within the framework of the WCDMA, the use of fast scheduling and adaptive modulation and coding rate to provide the number of times. reach the 802.11d / e standard can be compared.
HSDPA Another key technique used is a fast hybrid automatic retransmission (HARQ). The main principle is : receiver in the case of decoding failure, save the received data and request retransmission of the data sender, the receiver will be retransmitted data and the data previously received before the decoding combinations. hybrid automatic retransmission technology can improve system performance, and flexibility to adjust the effective symbol rate, you can compensate for link adaptation brought about by error. In WCDMA R5 after the introduction of HSDPA technology, UTRAN part of the structure of essentially the same, by the Node B increase the card, added a MAC-hs block, and in the physical layer added three new physical channel: 15 high-speed physical downlink shared channel, a high-speed shared control channel and a group of high-speed dedicated physical control channel uplink .
HSDPA Another improvement is to move the scheduling base station by the base station controller, which can reduce the delay. Currently, 3GPP organization such as MIMO and higher order modulation technology in further research, hoping to further improve the downlink link data rate. HSDPA typical rate of actual use: macrocell is 1 ~ 1.5 Mbit / s, micro cellular 4 ~ 6 Mbit / s, slightly cellular> 8 Mbit / s.
will be in 3GPP R6 the introduction of HSUPA uplink packet to solve problems and improve upstream. and then further to the introduction of adaptive beamforming and MIMO antenna array processing techniques such as downlink peak rate will be increased to 30 Mbit / s or so.
HSDPA and HSUPA is called medium-term evolution of 3.5G technology is technology, greater restraint by the original system. performance is not ideal .3 GPP found in the deployment of HSDPA and the ITU have a gap between B3G, this is the goal of WiMax. In a period of time, in broadband wireless access market, competition will be at a disadvantage with WiMax. To improve the 3G broadband wireless access in the emerging competitive market, get rid of Qualcom's CDMA patent constraints, need to develop long-term evolution technology LTE (long term evolution), to fill this a gap. The basic idea is to use the past for the development of B3G or 4G technology to the development of LTE, using the 3G spectrum for broadband wireless access market share in December 2004 when Athens was decided 3GPP 3GPP RAN working group responsible for carrying out long-term evolution LTE radio interface of .2006 June completed in June 2007 LTE standard release. participate in the work, including 200 members of the 3GPP.
LTE radio will select a new air interface standards (OFDMA loud voice), the use of bandwidth from 1.25MHz to 20MHz, speed downlink capacity of 100 Mbit / s, upstream 50 Mbit / s.LTE will also develop a new network structure. Prior to the evolution of 3GPP is in the original programs, including HSPDA RAN and core network based on the gradual evolution of more restricted . LTE will be in the original 3G radio access network, the establishment of a new all-IP radio access network (RAN), and pure IP convergence with the fixed core network. to meet the needs of broadband wireless access. This move Communications will no longer be a system, but only to provide broadband mobile wireless access. truly converged fixed and mobile networks. Currently LTE working group is in full swing starting from the fully operational needs. As opinion within the 3GPP, and is not completely unified, do not want to let go of the original system from scratch is still very powerful forces that can achieve booking goals are still some problems.
LTE in our country and the corresponding program is called plan and B3G E3G.863 FUTURE plans are considered the corresponding for the development of E3G, in LTE development work. in 3GPP2 is being called the implementation of air interface similar to the evolution of AIE (air interface evolution) evolution program.
4 future broadband wireless access market, the competitive situation
WiMax is intended for broadband wireless access market, 3G mobile communication is intended for cellular phone-based mobile communication system, generally speaking, is a complementary relationship between them. But when the 3GPP for the development of broadband wireless access market HSDPA, particularly after the emergence of LTE development of competition. From the above analysis we can see the face of WiMax and 3GPP LTE is the same market, the indicators are similar, the use of technology is similar can be said the same thing. < br> 3GPP LTE is a decision to develop a strategic decision for the future development of its far-reaching impact. Although LTE's ability to shake off the shackles of the original architecture, there are problems, but its members are the mainstream of current 3G operators , the force and frequency of use of a 3G license, even if the performance of their LTE development, worse, in the broadband wireless access market still has a strong competitive edge. and once they have LTE will no longer consider the use of WiMax and other competitive technology. In addition, LTE frequency of use of 3G, or even use the 2G frequency, better penetration, higher cost performance support system.
WiMax by the IT industry of broadband wireless access technology, in the absence of the original system of constraints, most broadband access market. Since the emergence of LTE, operators may use WIMax main fixed network operators and new operators to enter the competition. Intel and other IT equipment manufacturers the firm is WiMax, a strong supporter of, they want to enter through the WiMax broadband wireless access market. Intel to bundle in the future WiMax notebook promises enhanced the competitiveness of WiMax.
WiMax development of today's major problems plagued is the frequency of the problem. is already accepted is 3.4 ~ 3.8 GHz frequency license, and 5.725 ~ 5.85 GHz frequency license-free frequency. Many countries allow the use of higher frequencies, its license-exempt 5 GHz band as part of the purpose of for outdoor applications. because of their poor penetrating power, the use of these frequencies WiMax and LTE system can not compete. awaiting approval is 2.3 ~ 2.7 GHz frequency license, only South Korea will be 2.3 ~ 2.4 GHz frequency allocated to WiMax. International the main focus for 2.5 ~ 2.6 GHz frequency. these frequencies are still high, compared with the performance of 3G mobile communication frequencies less.
WiMax broadband wireless access to the development of the best and may choose to use television broadcast band (UHF .) penetration of the UHF channels can achieve a large area of good coverage, easy to reduce costs and improve competitiveness. many parts of the world began the fight for distribution of <1 GHz frequency bands for broadband wireless access efforts. in the United States is +-free license to use license for the band. has been sold to the channel 54,55,59 (710 ~ 722 MHz, 740 ~ 746 MHz), lower frequency of future auctions Channel (698 ~ 746 MHz) or higher frequency Channels (747 ~ 794 MHz). In China Radio Management Committee has 798 ~ 862 MHz frequency from SARFT to directly manage their own hands to recover.
consultations in the United States is lower than the 700 MHz license-free use of empty TV channels. U.S. FCC must make sense to use these radio frequencies to avoid interference. this IEEE established the IEEE 802.22 wireless local area network aware (WRAN) Standards Working Group (November 2004). Its purpose is the development of air interface (MAC and PHY ) in various geographical regions to provide broadband wireless access, including sparsely populated rural areas, with the interference protection mechanisms for users to use as a secondary TV 54 ~ 862 MHz frequency band. WiMax so one more competitor. as this, IEEE 802.16 Working Group has set up a IEEE802.16h, dedicated to improving media access control, such as strategies and other mechanisms to ensure enhanced IEEE 802.16-based license-free coexistence between systems, as well as a major user of the system coexistence between. IEEE 802.16h to WiMax to meet FCC requirements, as a secondary user with a blank terrestrial TV channels.
terrestrial TV frequency of use of blank WiMax systems will have excellent performance and extremely competitive. especially in rural and remote areas, will be to eliminate the Conclusion
nomadic and mobile broadband wireless access will become an important future market demand for communications. WiMax (802.16d / e) is dedicated to the development of this demand, performance, high efficiency and low cost. Through its flexible system configuration to meet the requirements of various application scenarios .3 G is based on the design of voice-based business needs, can not meet the demand for broadband wireless access. In order to enter the broadband wireless access market, 3GPP 3.5G development known as the HSPA (1xEV DO ) after the remains inadequate, in order to compete with WiMax plans 3GPP decided to develop long-term evolution of LTE, the indicators and with the WiMax technology is similar can be said the same thing. WiMax frequency allocation by the development of the constraints, can use the terrestrial television broadcast band on WiMax essential for the development.
(Author: Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of High Performance Network)
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